[{"u":"/docs/","t":"OnAir documentation","c":"onairdocumentation","s":"Getting started","h":"Start here Guides Reference Search","w":"onair documentation start here guides reference search new read install docs then your first reception no radio yet press tour in the app built demo signal lets you try everything macos windows linux usb drivers updates connect pick mode main window top bar spectrum and waterfall tabs panels settings saved files where recordings logs go supported radios hackrf rtl sdr airspy sdrplay bladerf limesdr usrp plutosdr fobos rx888 network hamlib rigs tutorials step by from dvb t2 television to ads ais dab+ weather satellites ft8 digital voice pagers time stations modes one page for every list with frequencies sample rates what each screen shows legal note troubleshooting faq command line cli dect2scan remote control api codecs build source contributing code map privacy samples live changelog on any it works offline once has loaded","x":"> **New here?** Read [Install](/docs/install/), then [Your first reception](/docs/first-reception/). No radio yet? Press **Tour** in the app: a built-in demo signal lets you try everything. ## Start here - [Install OnAir](/docs/install/): macOS, Windows, Linux, USB drivers, updates. - [Your first reception](/docs/first-reception/): connect a radio, pick a mode, press Start. - [The main window](/docs/main-window/): the top bar, spectrum and waterfall, tabs and panels. - [Settings and saved files](/docs/settings-and-"},{"u":"/docs/install/","t":"Install OnAir on macOS, Windows and Linux","c":"installonaironmacoswindowsandlinux","s":"Getting started","h":"Download macOS Windows Linux USB drivers on Windows Updates","w":"install onair on macos windows and linux download usb drivers updates get the file for your system from latest release github https com adswill releases currently page also lists beta pre how to 15 or later arm64 dmg apple silicon x86 64 intel open drag applications 10 11 bit x64 setup exe zip run installer unpack start amd64 deb portable tar gz debian ubuntu sudo apt other distributions archive bin folder app is not signed with developer certificate yet first time right click choose macs need processor avx2 2013 newer may warn about an unknown publisher because code driver radio once see below any use when has it earlier versions crashed at processors without then menu carries its own video decoder so does depend ffmpeg airspy radios add yourself plugdev group usermod ag user log out in again replug hackrf rtl sdr hf+ fobos rx888 mkii needs winusb installed zadig akeo ie turn list all devices both 04b4 00f3 boot loader 00f1 running unplug port refresh details docs limesdr mini ftdi ft60x readme inside cypress fx3 cyusb3 that limegui installs do replace sdrplay rsps api checks version few seconds after starts most day downloads package background verifies against sha 256 you close program button top shows state holds settings check off automatic instead leave replaces runs quietly asks permission password through only contacted privacy development new features land main branch before try them build source tested like can contain bugs unfinished","x":"## Download Get the file for your system from the [latest release on GitHub](https://github.com/adswill/OnAir/releases/latest) (currently 0.2.5; the [Download page](/download/) also lists the 0.2.6 beta pre-releases). | System | File | How to install | |---|---|---| | **macOS** 15 or later | `OnAir-...-macos-arm64.dmg` (Apple silicon), `OnAir-...-macos-x86_64.dmg` (Intel) | Open the .dmg and drag OnAir to Applications. | | **Windows** 10 / 11, 64-bit | `OnAir-...-windows-x64-setup.exe` or `OnAir-...-windows-x64.zip"},{"u":"/docs/first-reception/","t":"Your first reception with OnAir","c":"yourfirstreceptionwithonair","s":"Getting started","h":"Before you start The five steps What you should see If nothing happens Where next","w":"your first reception with onair before you start the five steps what should see if nothing happens where next need installed install docs and for real signals an sdr antenna radio guide radios says each can receive tv channel needs that samples fast enough roughly one million per second mhz of width no yet press tour help guided friendly little walks through on built in demo signal most modes have synthetic test list connect then connected appear source windows winusb driver time setup wizard asks which are it picks right standard fm band optionally position want to run again from pick mode has search 14 groups broadcast aviation maritime satellite navigation two way cellular rail pagers iot sensors weather science amateur digital voice packet hf utility general tools nine also keys menu enter frequency or open scan tab find channels automatically every sensible never limits type is not specified get note block when receiver locks results click watch listen improve picture breaks up use auto tune gain optimise sweeps whole range measures noise ratio keeps lowest within db best does overload converter undo goes back move while quality score height clear view toward transmitter matter more than anything else spectrum waterfall around status lights numbers locked searching error counts echo multipath indicator main window page explains part decoded result station name text aircraft map ads so reference screen holds check cable usb rescan devices but lock wrong weak too much look at adc level troubleshooting all only explore choose tutorials common projects record iq workbench keep later","x":"## Before you start You need OnAir installed ([Install](/docs/install/)) and, for real signals, an SDR with an antenna. The [radio guide](/docs/radios/) says what each radio can receive. A TV channel needs a radio that samples fast enough: roughly one million samples per second per MHz of channel width. > **No radio yet?** Press **Tour** (Help > Guided tour). A friendly little TV walks you through OnAir on a built-in demo signal, and most modes have a built-in synthetic test signal in the radio list. ## The five st"},{"u":"/docs/main-window/","t":"The OnAir main window explained","c":"theonairmainwindowexplained","s":"Getting started","h":"Menus The top bar Spectrum and waterfall Panels The tabs Status and results","w":"the onair main window explained menus top bar spectrum and waterfall panels tabs status results this page describes current development state items marked are new since release in beta pre releases has several layouts view menu sidebar scope tiles faceplate cinema meters dock panel plus classic interface they all use same parts so names rather than pixels layout adapts to small windows 125 150 display scaling what it holds file exit program mode every 14 groups with keys for first nine text size reset brings back lost pane full screen language reduce cpu when hidden show discord passes satellite pass planner images data feeds transmit map scanner highly experimental antenna rotator server opt upload see privacy docs help setup wizard guided tour start stop frequency field mouse wheel or trackpad steps arrows repeat held radio source choice sample rate clear wipes decoded list after confirmation stay until you press across switches restarts version button at right shows update settings support opens ko fi power of sees below over time newest hover slider scroll change by one step shift fine ctrl coarse does not meanwhile db range fields work any ctrl+up down moves ctrl+shift+up widens narrows ctrl+home resets colour maps pause averaging max hold peak markers dbm options cividis helps red green blindness click signal on identifier gives its width modulation suggested decoder counter sits folded sections other them as modules choose rescan devices record iq files add network hamlib rig gain auto tune optimise stages hackrf lna vga amp switch offers correction ppm notch filters modes direct sampling hf up converters lnbs tuner own search box shown that have tools light theme accent only log receiver is doing warnings plain words tab changes tv overview key numbers plots glance player picture sound subtitles programme guide teletext service live buffer sync signalling fec frame channel views inner workings stream outputs udp transport scan shared direction finder aim history fm ensemble analyzer journaline fic dab named sub such table messages each lists lock snr quality whether samples being dropped process load save writes csv json an adif logbook amateur kml gpx anything positions two once from capture second appears receivers tutorials","x":"> This page describes the current development state. Items marked **(0.2.6)** are new since the 0.2.5 release and are in the beta pre-releases. OnAir has several layouts (View menu: Sidebar, Scope, Tiles, Faceplate, Scope: Cinema, Scope: Meters, Scope: Dock and Panel), plus a classic interface. They all use the same parts, so this page names the parts rather than the pixels. The layout adapts to small windows and to 125 % and 150 % display scaling. ## Menus | Menu | What it holds | |---|---| | **File** | Exit progr"},{"u":"/docs/settings-and-files/","t":"OnAir settings and where files are saved","c":"onairsettingsandwherefilesaresaved","s":"Getting started","h":"Folders Recordings (IQ) Results and exports Settings you may want Bug reports","w":"onair settings and where files are saved folders recordings iq results exports you may want bug reports what windows macos linux data codecs localappdata library application support local share or xdg home cache temporary the system folder appdata conf app preferences defaults config log crash report logs terminal environment variable dect2 dir points at another for everything it writes which is how test runs keep away from your own names above read program code buttons show recording open always right on computer press record in source panel run cli auto secs 10 go to of opens with sigmf ticked default each also gets meta file sample rate type centre frequency time same under name hard link no second copy so iqengine https org other tools again through two channel wav describe themselves format raw such as cs8 cu8 cf32 ci16 cu16 need like capture 2msps gives signal workbench docs tutorials measure demodulate without radio decoded lists stay until clear all top bar save csv json adif call grid band mode rst snr utc amateur modes kml gpx positions ads ais aprs flarm sondes pick since start spectrum analyser can full resolution timer into dab tv services their audio stream dra mpeg streams receivers per receiver rx2 view language english plus german french spanish chinese lithuanian portuguese brazil hungarian were added japanese polish dutch italian russian registered list text size ctrl light high contrast themes theme an accent colour reset layout reduce cpu when hidden bias tee remembered dc spike correction options position maidenhead locator coordinates kept used maps satellite passes discord off by see privacy diagnostics one zip last attach github issue com adswill issues together short problem written next nothing uploaded","x":"## Folders | What | Windows | macOS | Linux | |---|---|---|---| | Data (recordings, results, codecs) | `%LOCALAPPDATA%\\OnAir` | `~/Library/Application Support/OnAir` | `~/.local/share/onair` (or `$XDG_DATA_HOME/onair`) | | Cache (temporary files) | `%LOCALAPPDATA%\\OnAir\\cache` | the system cache folder | `~/.cache/onair` (or `$XDG_CACHE_HOME/onair`) | | Settings | `%APPDATA%\\OnAir\\settings.conf` | the app's preferences (macOS defaults) | `~/.config/onair/settings.conf` | | Log and crash report | `%APPDATA%\\OnAir\\on"},{"u":"/docs/radios/","t":"Supported SDR radios: HackRF, RTL-SDR, Airspy, SDRplay and more","c":"supportedsdrradioshackrfrtlsdrairspysdrplayandmore","s":"Supported radios","h":"The table Things that apply to every radio More than USB radios Transmitting","w":"supported sdr radios hackrf rtl airspy sdrplay and more the table things that apply to every radio than usb transmitting wide tv channels mhz dab fm narrow notes one pro yes onair is developed tested with page docs bladerf limesdr usrp wideband on windows install uhd from ettus for plutosdr limited about msps over its cable r2 rsp should work api first no hf+ only specified hf 60 260 fobos agile firmware new in contributed untested so far rx888 mkii required driver still being hardened real hardware anything else depends through soapysdr once module installed sample rate channel needs roughly million samples per second of width if cannot reach or frequency mode says next source any never limits you enter ranges listed are what it outside them asks shows note itself refuses stays an error tcp take as 32 bit value hz at most 29 ghz libraries these need included downloads except noted library other have had less world testing specific pages devices md https github com adswill blob main antenna input own entry list settings offers has correction ppm notch filters gain modes direct sampling up converters lnbs pick ham spyverter qo 100 bullseye tcxo ku lnb custom lo spectrum inversion whole app then takes while tuned dc spike leave centre alone remove keep off by tuning just beside optional iq imbalance network spyserver soapyremote ip hermes lite red pitaya sharing your hamlib rigs control transceiver serial cat link sound card websdr virtual audio handheld speaker all synthetic test signal recording file sources few can also transmit development build separate experimental subsystem legal notice","x":"## The table | Radio | Wide TV channels (6 to 8 MHz) | DAB, FM and narrow channels | Notes | |---|---|---|---| | **HackRF One / Pro** | Yes | Yes | The radio OnAir is developed and tested with. [Page](/docs/radios/hackrf/) | | **BladeRF**, **LimeSDR**, **USRP** | Yes | Yes | [Page](/docs/radios/wideband/). On Windows install UHD from Ettus for a USRP. | | **PlutoSDR** | Limited | Yes | About 4 Msps over its USB cable. [Page](/docs/radios/plutosdr/) | | **Airspy R2**, **SDRplay RSP** | Should work | Yes | [Airspy](/"},{"u":"/docs/radios/hackrf/","t":"HackRF One and HackRF Pro with OnAir","c":"hackrfoneandhackrfprowithonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"What it is good for Setup Gain Good to know","w":"hackrf one and pro with onair what it is good for setup gain to know wide channels the samples fast enough mhz tv dvb t2 atsc isdb dtmb modes such as s2 through an lnb mac analogue everything else dab fm every narrow mode work too its range runs from about ghz so hf needs up converter or you accept weak signal spectrum analyser uses native sweep 6000 in second windows install winusb driver once zadig https akeo ie macos linux nothing library download plug radio appears source list has own usb both also loads libhackrf pick enter frequency press start three stages lna vga amp switch use auto tune optimise which sweeps whole keeps lowest within db of best that does not overload on command line set them bias tee remembered per centre dc spike handled by options settings sample rates are chosen table asks rate cannot reach can ads msps at 20 transmit see experimental docs if found troubleshooting","x":"## What it is good for - **Wide channels.** The HackRF samples fast enough for 6 to 8 MHz TV channels (DVB-T2, DVB-T, ATSC, ISDB-T, DTMB) and wide modes such as DVB-S/S2 through an LNB, MAC and analogue TV. - **Everything else.** DAB, FM and every narrow mode work too. Its range runs from about 1 MHz to 6 GHz (the HackRF Pro from 0.1 MHz), so HF needs an up-converter or you accept a weak signal. - **Spectrum analyser.** The analyser mode uses the HackRF's native sweep: 1 to 6000 MHz in about a second. ## Setup 1. *"},{"u":"/docs/radios/rtl-sdr/","t":"RTL-SDR with OnAir: what it can and cannot receive","c":"rtlsdrwithonairwhatitcanandcannotreceive","s":"Supported radios","h":"What it can do HF (below 24 MHz) Setup Sharing it over the network","w":"rtl sdr with onair what it can and cannot receive do hf below 24 mhz setup sharing over the network dab fm narrow modes an tunes roughly to ghz at up about msps flarm for example needs least so works ads asks but decodes from db less sensitive which reach not tv channels wide television need radio that samples faster picks way down by itself direct sampling auto blog v4 lite use converter in library never switches on there macos bundles librtlsdr input every other dongle its directly v3 has stock no signal may be weak or absent unless is modified settings still pick switch off tcp sends nothing server own decides windows install winusb driver zadig https akeo ie plug choose source list docs radios put another computer connects again when connection drops counts were missed servers of speak rsp airspy hackrf get their full rates share my view data feeds makes running","x":"## What it can do - **DAB, FM and narrow modes.** An RTL-SDR tunes roughly 24 MHz to 1.7 GHz at up to about 2.4 Msps. FLARM, for example, needs at least 1 Msps, so an RTL-SDR works. ADS-B asks for 4 Msps but decodes from 2 Msps (about 6 dB less sensitive), which an RTL-SDR can reach. - **Not TV channels.** Wide television channels need a radio that samples faster. ## HF (below 24 MHz) An RTL-SDR picks the way down by itself (\"direct sampling: Auto\"): - The **RTL-SDR Blog V4 and V4 Lite** use the up-converter in the"},{"u":"/docs/radios/airspy/","t":"Airspy R2, Airspy Mini and Airspy HF+ with OnAir","c":"airspyr2airspyminiandairspyhfwithonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"Airspy R2 and Mini Airspy HF+","w":"airspy r2 mini and hf+ with onair tested an on linux atsc the runs at 10 msps for tv has not been tried unofficial is offered gain linearity to 21 needs decent cpu core laptop could keep up live windows install winusb driver zadig https akeo ie debian or ubuntu sudo apt libairspy0 usermod ag plugdev user log out back in replug radio then check it shows info specified hf 60 260 mhz narrow channels only no stopping longer crashes fixed issue 78 later report beta open cdr china digital mode accepts 912 ksps rate","x":"## Airspy R2 and Mini - Tested with an **Airspy R2 on Linux** (ATSC). The R2 runs at **10 Msps** for TV; the Mini has not been tried for TV. The Mini's unofficial 10 Msps is offered (0.2.4). - The gain is the linearity gain, 0 to 21. - 10 Msps needs a decent CPU: a 2-core laptop could not keep up with live ATSC. - On Windows install the WinUSB driver with [Zadig](https://zadig.akeo.ie). On Debian or Ubuntu: ``` sudo apt install libairspy0 airspy sudo usermod -aG plugdev $USER # log out and back in # replug the radi"},{"u":"/docs/radios/sdrplay/","t":"SDRplay RSP radios with OnAir: installing the SDRplay API","c":"sdrplayrspradioswithonairinstallingthesdrplayapi","s":"Supported radios","h":"Setup Details","w":"sdrplay rsp radios with onair installing the api setup details install free from com https www once and restart make sure service is running installer starts it pick in source list help card appears if an plugged but not installed supported models rsp1 rsp1a rsp1b rsp2 rspduo rspdx r2 rsps deliver up to 10 mhz of bandwidth 66 msps wide tv channels should work dab fm narrow modes do opens on tuner fixed compatible radio that made by for example mirics msi2500 clone seen use soapysdr mirisdr module instead see docs reach hf lf directly which suits time signal shortwave","x":"## Setup 1. Install the free **SDRplay API** from [sdrplay.com/api](https://www.sdrplay.com/api/) once, and restart OnAir. 2. Make sure the **SDRplay API Service** is running (the installer starts it). 3. Pick the RSP in the source list. A help card appears if an RSP is plugged in but the API is not installed (0.2.6). ## Details - Supported models: RSP1, RSP1A, RSP1B, RSP2, RSPduo and RSPdx (and RSPdx-R2). - The RSPs deliver up to 10 MHz of bandwidth (10.66 Msps). Wide TV channels should work; DAB, FM and narrow mo"},{"u":"/docs/radios/wideband/","t":"BladeRF, LimeSDR and USRP with OnAir","c":"bladerflimesdrandusrpwithonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"BladeRF LimeSDR USRP Transmit","w":"bladerf limesdr and usrp with onair transmit supported natively wide tv channels narrow modes work the native driver is receive only both mini needs ftdi ft60x on windows see readme inside download usb cypress fx3 limesuite cyusb3 one limegui installs not winusb do replace it zadig own has no support so also install pothossdr https downloads myriadrf org builds or finds its dll by itself log says which copy saw radio fifo scaling for captures was fixed in uhd from ettus files com firmware images over ethernet bigger buffers an bit wire format against dropped samples drivers are to them use their soapysdr module experimental docs","x":"## BladeRF Supported natively; wide TV channels and narrow modes work. The native BladeRF driver is receive-only. ## LimeSDR - Both wide and narrow modes work. - **LimeSDR Mini:** needs FTDI's FT60x driver on Windows (see the README inside the download). - **LimeSDR-USB (Cypress FX3):** needs the Cypress / LimeSuite USB driver (CyUSB3, the one LimeGUI installs), not WinUSB: do not replace it with Zadig. OnAir's own LimeSuite has no FX3 support, so also install [PothosSDR](https://downloads.myriadrf.org/builds/Potho"},{"u":"/docs/radios/plutosdr/","t":"PlutoSDR and Pluto+ with OnAir","c":"plutosdrandplutowithonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"USB By IP address Pluto+ Transmit","w":"plutosdr and pluto+ with onair usb by ip address transmit over its cable streams about msps enough for dab fm narrow modes too little to mhz tv channel tezuka firmware is detected cs8 cs16 formats are offered the native 64 rate used dvb t2 plutos found even when libiio cannot scan network library not included on macos yet pick add radio choose type 192 168 or your pluto real full sample how much arrives depends buffer sized radios link setting auto ethernet lifts cap can through see experimental docs","x":"## USB - Over its USB cable a PlutoSDR streams about **4 Msps**: enough for DAB, FM and narrow modes, too little for a 6 to 8 MHz TV channel. - Tezuka firmware is detected, CS8 / CS16 formats are offered, and the native 64 / 7 Msps rate is used for 8 MHz DVB-T / T2 (0.2.3). - USB Plutos are found even when libiio cannot scan the network. - The library is not included on macOS yet. ## By IP address Pick **Add network radio...**, choose *PlutoSDR by IP* and type `192.168.2.1` (its USB network) or its address on your "},{"u":"/docs/radios/fobos/","t":"Fobos SDR (RigExpert) with OnAir","c":"fobossdrrigexpertwithonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"Requirements Inputs and rates","w":"fobos sdr rigexpert with onair requirements inputs and rates new in beta pre releases not tested on radio yet the driver was written against library source checked stand for reports are welcome discord https gg kky9c6atm drives through agile libfobos github com it only sees radios that run firmware hardware revision has from factory revisions need page stock is listed shipped windows copy 64 bit dll next to exe uses libusb already there needs winusb linux build install cmake make sudo which also installs its udev rules then ldconfig log or terminal says loaded how many lists rf input specified 50 mhz ghz at 10 12 16 20 25 32 40 msps 58 takes smallest rate fast enough mode gain one slider 95 db lna steps +16 +33 vga settings can fix step hf1 hf2 below samples of them directly off about 70 converter clean range ends half so covered by neither does nothing here hf have no amplifier usb port an external reference be chosen soapyfobossdr module built visual studio cannot native soapysdr","x":"> **New in 0.2.6** (beta pre-releases), not in 0.2.5. > **Not tested on a radio yet.** The driver was written against RigExpert's library source and checked with a stand-in for the library. Reports are welcome on [Discord](https://discord.gg/Kky9c6atm). ## Requirements OnAir drives the Fobos SDR through RigExpert's **agile** library, [libfobos-sdr-agile](https://github.com/rigexpert/libfobos-sdr-agile). It only sees radios that run the agile firmware: hardware revision 4 has it from the factory, revisions 2 and 3 n"},{"u":"/docs/radios/rx888/","t":"RX888 MkII with OnAir: USB 3 setup","c":"rx888mkiiwithonairusb3setup","s":"Supported radios","h":"What it does Windows quick start Firmware Requirements and settings","w":"rx888 mkii with onair usb setup what it does windows quick start firmware requirements and settings new in beta pre releases not still being hardened the driver was written from open sddc protocol tested against simulated fx3 on real hardware is please report you see talks to radio over itself no vendor library hf direct sampling 64 or 128 msps adc clock vhf uhf r828d tuner up about 75 ghz are covered sample rate list 25 zadig https akeo ie turn all devices install winusb for 04b4 00f3 again 00f1 rx888mk2 unplug replug cable port press refresh if cypress official rx 888 hdsdr installer owns device repeat limesdr shares tells them apart by product name has program of its own needs img packages ship codecs folder linux lib loads into ram when needed nothing flashed hand built copy may need file page environment variable pointing at must be stream 256 mb udev rule auto mhz exact input attenuator dither randomiser pga bias tee","x":"> **New in 0.2.6** (beta pre-releases), not in 0.2.5. > **Still being hardened.** The driver was written from the open SDDC protocol and tested against a simulated FX3; the MkII on real hardware is still being hardened. Please report what you see. ## What it does OnAir talks to the radio over USB itself (no vendor library). HF (direct sampling, 64 or 128 Msps ADC clock) and VHF / UHF (R828D tuner, up to about 1.75 GHz) are covered; the sample rate list is 0.25 to 64 Msps. ## Windows quick start 1. In [Zadig](https:"},{"u":"/docs/radios/network/","t":"Network radios: rtl_tcp, SpyServer, SoapyRemote and more","c":"networkradiosrtltcpspyserversoapyremoteandmore","s":"Supported radios","h":"Adding one Notes per type Share my radio (0.2.6) Data feeds out","w":"network radios rtl tcp spyserver soapyremote and more adding one notes per type share my radio data feeds out pick add in the source list choose its address press connect onair tries connection for few seconds says why when it gets no answer you are remembered listed with others remove them same window port plutosdr by ip 192 168 usb or on your libiio default an sdr shared computer running 1234 any soapysdr soapysdrserver bind server 55132 airspy as sdr++ use 5555 hermes lite found itself networks 1024 red pitaya transceiver app hpsdr protocol carries bit samples at up to about msps drops connects again counts missed auto rates above 56 allowed needs build module both computers asks which has lists each sound cards hidden if picks wrong none driver example mirisdr remote slow timeout is spoken from public description 1700 full iq stream 16 takes sample rate decimation stages controls frequency gain do not confuse only been tested against fake written that real tell us yours misbehaves receives 38 mhz 48 384 ksps so hf narrow modes fit n2adr filter board band filters switched new openhpsdr client pavel demin compatible receiver tuning 61 44 control project offered what arrives depends reconnects status bar shows how many were lost servers reached nothing opened view makes second can listen signal sends runs this until tick let other lan clients change allow ticked connected all off turn ads sbs beast ais nmea udp aprs kiss acars vdl2 json gnss bluetooth le advertisement lora lorawan meshtastic stay unless","x":"## Adding one Pick **Add network radio...** in the source list, choose the type, type its address and press **Connect**. OnAir tries the connection for a few seconds and says why when it gets no answer. The radios you add are remembered and listed with the others (remove them in the same window). | Type | Address | Port | |---|---|---| | **PlutoSDR** by IP | `192.168.2.1` (its USB network), or its address on your network | libiio's default | | **rtl_tcp** (an RTL-SDR shared by `rtl_tcp -a 0.0.0.0`) | the computer r"},{"u":"/docs/radios/soapysdr/","t":"Other SDRs through SoapySDR","c":"othersdrsthroughsoapysdr","s":"Supported radios","h":"How it works Examples from the project RFNM","w":"other sdrs through soapysdr how it works examples from the project rfnm https github com pothosware is common driver layer when module for your radio installed appears in onair source list and like others well depends on builds with as an option dect2 soapy mirics msi2500 rsp1a clone not seen by sdrplay api use mirisdr limesdr bladerf usrp can transmit only their see docs soapyfobossdr built visual studio cannot be loaded windows build native fobos radios another computer soapyremote network lists or has whether this been verified if you try tell us discord gg kky9c6atm","x":"## How it works [SoapySDR](https://github.com/pothosware/SoapySDR) is a common driver layer. When a SoapySDR module for your radio is installed, the radio appears in OnAir's source list and works like the others; how well it works depends on the module and the radio. OnAir builds with SoapySDR as an option (`DECT2_WITH_SOAPY`). ## Examples from the project - A Mirics MSi2500 \"RSP1A clone\" is not seen by the SDRplay API: use SoapySDR's `mirisdr` module. - LimeSDR, bladeRF and USRP can transmit only through their Soa"},{"u":"/docs/radios/hamlib/","t":"Hamlib rigs: control a transceiver from OnAir","c":"hamlibrigscontrolatransceiverfromonair","s":"Supported radios","h":"What it is Add a rig Antenna rotator","w":"hamlib rigs control transceiver from onair what it is add rig antenna rotator new in beta pre releases not the below too normal or receiver controlled over serial cat link tunes its frequency and mode signal itself comes sound card speaker audio when you give one entry only silent iq this replacement for an sdr need megahertz of bandwidth built installed dect2 have on by default if your build has no window says rebuild with ddect2 after installing fixed ubuntu 22 04 libhamlib dev source list choose model number rigctl lists them example 1025 ic 7300 port cu usbmodem macos com3 windows label optional id leave empty set to capture then press start four mappings are offered stereo usb lsb mono real field dial decoder assumes see tutorial docs tutorials view drives gs 232 yaesu ascii tcp 4533 azimuth elevation offsets travel limits park position calibration against geostationary satellite peaked dvb","x":"> **New in 0.2.6** (beta pre-releases), not in 0.2.5. The antenna rotator below is new in 0.2.6 too. ## What it is A Hamlib rig is a normal transceiver or receiver controlled over a serial CAT link. OnAir tunes its **frequency and mode** over Hamlib. The signal itself comes from a **sound card** (I/Q or speaker audio) when you give one, or the entry is CAT only (silent IQ). This is not a replacement for an SDR when you need megahertz of bandwidth. It is built when Hamlib is installed (`DECT2_HAVE_HAMLIB`, on by def"},{"u":"/docs/radios/sound-card/","t":"Sound card as an SDR input: WebSDR, virtual cable, handheld","c":"soundcardasansdrinputwebsdrvirtualcablehandheld","s":"Supported radios","h":"What it is for Mappings","w":"sound card as an sdr input websdr virtual cable handheld what it is for mappings new in beta pre releases not the radio list choose including default typical uses audio vac or speaker line output into computer hf decoders ft8 rtty cw ssb at capture rate usually 48 khz this replacement when you need megahertz of bandwidth mapping meaning stereo left right usb upper sideband analytic signal lsb lower mono real single frequency field dial decoder should assume nothing tuned and there no gain antenna power microphone opened until press start was verified against on macos path coreaudio elsewhere miniaudio","x":"> **New in 0.2.6** (beta pre-releases), not in 0.2.5. ## What it is for In the radio list choose **Sound card: ...** (including *Default input*). Typical uses: a WebSDR, a virtual audio cable (VAC), or a handheld radio's speaker or line output into the computer, for HF decoders (FT8, RTTY, CW, SSB) at the capture rate (usually 48 kHz). This is not a replacement for an SDR when you need megahertz of bandwidth. ## Mappings | Mapping | Meaning | |---|---| | **I/Q stereo** | Left is I, right is Q. | | **USB audio** | U"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/","t":"OnAir tutorials: step-by-step projects","c":"onairtutorialsstepbystepprojects","s":"Tutorials","h":"","w":"onair tutorials step by projects watch dvb t2 television with hackrf docs listen to fm radio rds track aircraft ads and the map adsb ships ais dab+ digital dab receive weather satellite images satellites hf modes ft8 wspr voice dmr star p25 pagers pocsag flex time stations setting clock record iq open it in signal workbench use sample library control rig hamlib two receivers or multi decoder every tutorial can be followed built synthetic test first so you learn screens before own right antenna reception depends heavily on location","x":"- [Watch DVB-T2 television with a HackRF](/docs/tutorials/dvb-t2-hackrf/) - [Listen to FM radio with RDS](/docs/tutorials/fm-rds/) - [Track aircraft with ADS-B and the map](/docs/tutorials/adsb-map/) - [Track ships with AIS](/docs/tutorials/ais/) - [Listen to DAB+ digital radio](/docs/tutorials/dab/) - [Receive weather satellite images](/docs/tutorials/weather-satellites/) - [HF digital modes: FT8 and WSPR](/docs/tutorials/ft8-wspr/) - [Digital voice: DMR, D-STAR and P25](/docs/tutorials/digital-voice/) - [Pagers: "},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/dvb-t2-hackrf/","t":"Watch DVB-T2 television with a HackRF","c":"watchdvbt2televisionwithahackrf","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps If the picture breaks up Keep it","w":"watch dvb t2 television with hackrf what you need steps if the picture breaks up keep it onair and one or pro see docs radios on windows winusb driver tv antenna clear view toward transmitter height matters more than anything else to know that your country uses europe middle east africa asia australia older standard same screen is detected automatically plug in start setup wizard asks give picks right mode list choose group open scan tab run channel scanner finds channels can also type frequency of press chose needs roughly million samples per second mhz width so an radio little above msps reaches 20 tells next source rate too low wait for receiver lock status shows signal noise ratio error counts single quality score click service player has sound subtitles teletext programme guide multiple audio tracks use auto tune gain optimise sweeps whole range measures snr keeps lowest within db best does not overload converter undo goes back echo multipath detector echoes from buildings are usual cause broken move direction finder helps aim repairs short dropouts weak stays watchable stream record file send out over udp release adds recording pause live buffer built network tuner streams vlc phones plex jellyfin home as plain hls browsers mac cast playing apple airplay limits encrypted scrambled services cannot be decoded lite like any other was checked simulated signals yet real broadcast related modes troubleshooting","x":"## What you need - OnAir and a HackRF One or Pro (see [HackRF](/docs/radios/hackrf/)); on Windows the WinUSB driver. - A TV antenna with a clear view toward the transmitter. Height matters more than anything else. - To know that your country uses DVB-T2 (Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia). DVB-T, the older standard, uses the same screen: the DVB standard is detected automatically. ## Steps 1. Plug in the HackRF and the antenna and start OnAir. If the setup wizard asks, give your country: it picks the rig"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/fm-rds/","t":"Listen to FM radio with RDS in OnAir","c":"listentofmradiowithrdsinonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Tips","w":"listen to fm radio with rds in onair what you need steps tips any that tunes 87 108 mhz an rtl sdr is plenty and wire or telescopic antenna choose the mode list group broadcast open scan tab run band lists stations it finds since covers from custom range full option waits for whole station name text pi before moves on press start then type frequency box stereo lamps show receiver has locked table shows sound mono pilot level state percentage of good blocks read data programme traffic flags plots multiplex symbols save put live your own saved click one later tune separate weak switch gives cleaner than noisy decode no longer jumps stronger nearby fixed tmc messages are decoded related page modes settings files docs","x":"## What you need Any radio that tunes 87.5 to 108 MHz (an RTL-SDR is plenty) and a wire or telescopic antenna. ## Steps 1. Choose **FM** in the mode list (group Broadcast radio). 2. Open the **Scan** tab and run the **FM band scan**. The scan lists the stations it finds; since 0.2.6 it covers the band from 87.0 MHz or a custom from / to range. A full RDS option waits for the whole station name, radio text and PI before it moves on. 3. Press **Start**, then choose a station from the *Stations* list, or type a freque"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/adsb-map/","t":"Track aircraft with ADS-B and the OnAir map","c":"trackaircraftwithadsbandtheonairmap","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps The map Share your positions (optional) Related","w":"track aircraft with ads and the onair map what you need steps share your positions optional related radio that tunes 1090 mhz rtl sdr hackrf airspy others an antenna for clear view of sky asks msps it decodes from but message then needs about db more signal choose group aviation frequency is set receiver position in mode or distances range plot bearings press start appear as soon messages arrive switch between sub views table radar lists callsign altitude speed distance click details units kt ft nm min metric km labels csv export sbs beast feeds stay use save results json kml gpx on data feed format over tcp which stays this computer unless tick let other computers connect lan to place marker read bearing go coordinates maidenhead locator online tiles come openstreetmap can offline mbtiles instead see privacy docs plots rolling window png air dev https public live users off by default server menu turn confirm sent never page modes acars vdl2 uplink","x":"## What you need - A radio that tunes 1090 MHz (RTL-SDR, HackRF, Airspy and others) and an antenna for 1090 MHz with a clear view of the sky. - OnAir asks for **4 Msps**. It decodes from 2 Msps, but a message then needs about 6 dB more signal. ## Steps 1. Choose **ADS-B** (group Aviation). The frequency is 1090 MHz. 2. Set your receiver position in ADS-B mode (or View > Map). Distances, the range plot and bearings need it. 3. Press **Start**. Aircraft appear as soon as messages arrive. 4. Switch between the sub-vie"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/ais/","t":"Track ships with AIS in OnAir","c":"trackshipswithaisinonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Notes","w":"track ships with ais in onair what you need steps notes radio that tunes 156 to 163 mhz an rtl sdr is enough and vhf antenna view of the water choose group maritime mode starts near 162 runs at msps which covers both channels 161 975 025 press start appear on map other sub views are table messages nmea range plot new set your position so distances work switch data feed udp feeds if another program should receive sentences noise no longer accepted as fixed issue 87 positions can be shared air dev https opt server menu see privacy docs related vdes modes listens successor system asm same ship traffic include private details some countries legal page navtex","x":"## What you need A radio that tunes 156 to 163 MHz (an RTL-SDR is enough) and a VHF antenna with a view of the water. ## Steps 1. Choose **AIS** (group Maritime). The mode starts near 162 MHz and runs at 2 Msps, which covers both AIS channels (161.975 and 162.025 MHz). 2. Press **Start**. 3. Ships appear on the **Map**; the other sub-views are **Table**, **Messages**, **NMEA** and **Range** (the range plot is new in 0.2.6). 4. Set your position so the range plot and distances work. 5. Switch on the **AIS NMEA** dat"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/dab/","t":"Listen to DAB+ digital radio with OnAir","c":"listentodabdigitalradiowithonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps The transmitter map","w":"listen to dab+ digital radio with onair what you need steps the transmitter map that tunes band iii about 174 240 mhz an rtl sdr works and vhf antenna choose dab group broadcast channels are 5a 13f open scan tab for ensembles or channel know press start when ensemble locks lists its services click station in logos from service information shown can save audio stream of other tabs transmitters below analyzer as tree msc allocation fic every fig journaline text menu pages etsi ts 102 979 carries it reads identification tii networks send receive their relative strength list csv data folder eid main sub lat lon name country power kw they appear on distance bearing related modes dabplus","x":"## What you need A radio that tunes Band III (about 174 to 240 MHz; an RTL-SDR works) and a VHF / Band III antenna. ## Steps 1. Choose **DAB / DAB+** (group Broadcast radio). Channels are Band III 5A to 13F. 2. Open the **Scan** tab and scan for ensembles, or choose a channel you know. 3. Press **Start**. When the ensemble locks, the **Ensemble** tab lists its services. 4. Click a station in the **Radio** tab to listen. Station logos from the service information are shown (0.2.5), and you can save the audio stream "},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/weather-satellites/","t":"Receive weather satellite images with OnAir","c":"receiveweathersatelliteimageswithonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"Which satellites Steps for Meteor-M LRPT Notes","w":"receive weather satellite images with onair which satellites steps for meteor lrpt notes mode where you need modes n2 on 137 100 900 mhz an antenna and radio that tunes it goes hrit 16 18 19 1694 dish about or grid lna filter at the feed elektro n3 n4 n5 around 1691 hrpt ahrpt metop 1701 more follows fast msps not rtl sdr noaa own is listed in but 15 are retired set your position setup wizard map so passes can be computed open view pass planner uses current orbital data tle download list add custom source use keplerpass button see privacy docs servers those choose group science default let start receiver aos acquisition of signal doppler shift carrier hand over tracks khz watch picture grow line by channels to colour composite 123 day 125 night press save png there contrast stretch thermal colours brighten auto options also record iq during as does real frames reed solomon since issue 79 github m2 still recordings welcome rotator point radios hamlib","x":"## Which satellites | Mode | Where | You need | |---|---|---| | [Meteor-M LRPT](/modes/meteor-m-lrpt/) | Meteor-M N2-3 / N2-4 on 137.100 / 137.900 MHz | an antenna for 137 MHz and a radio that tunes it | | [GOES HRIT](/modes/goes-hrit/) | GOES-16 / 18 / 19 on 1694.1 MHz | a dish (about 1 m, or a grid antenna) with an LNA and filter at the feed | | [Elektro-L](/modes/elektro-l/) | Elektro-L N3 / N4 / N5 around 1691 MHz | a dish with an LNA | | [HRPT / AHRPT](/modes/hrpt-ahrpt/) | MetOp-B / -C AHRPT on 1701.3 MHz | a"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/ft8-wspr/","t":"Decode FT8 and WSPR with OnAir","c":"decodeft8andwsprwithonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Reporting your spots More modes in the same family","w":"decode ft8 and wspr with onair what you need steps reporting your spots more modes in the same family radio that tunes hf an rtl sdr direct sampling sdrplay or airspy hf+ are common hackrf needs up converter antenna computer clock is right uses 15 second slots can sync docs tutorials time stations from gps station choose group amateur digital dial frequency 14 074 mhz upper sideband other entries have their own ft4 080 ft2 084 0956 band buttons jump to usual frequencies of bands press start decodes every signal khz passband at once since also visible span not just tuned one message appears its snr map places by grids has listen play audio export save results as csv adif logbook call grid mode rst utc both optional off until turn them on public so use valid callsign psk reporter view data feeds sends pskreporter info reports batched minutes sent per 10 upload wsprnet org jt65 jt9 q65 fst4 fst4w msk144 olivia contestia mfsk thor dominoex hellschreiber list see reference related js8call psk31 cw hamlib rigs radios","x":"## What you need - A radio that tunes HF (an RTL-SDR in direct sampling, an SDRplay or an Airspy HF+ are common; a HackRF needs an up-converter) and an HF antenna. - A computer clock that is right: FT8 uses 15-second slots. OnAir can [sync the computer clock](/docs/tutorials/time-stations/) from GPS or a time station. ## Steps 1. Choose **FT8** (group Amateur: digital). The dial frequency is 14.074 MHz upper sideband; other entries have their own: FT4 14.080, FT2 14.084, WSPR 14.0956 MHz. The band buttons jump to t"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/digital-voice/","t":"Digital voice with OnAir: DMR, D-STAR, P25 and the codecs note","c":"digitalvoicewithonairdmrdstarp25andthecodecsnote","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Voice and the codecs Encryption and the law","w":"digital voice with onair dmr star p25 and the codecs note what you need steps encryption law radio that tunes band of system for example 446 mhz pmr446 dpmr 144 or 430 amateur m17 800 in us an antenna it choose mode group two way nxdn packet enter frequency defaults 10625 851 0125 103125 145 375 433 475 press start watch screens now calls messages shows talkgroups ids data also has trunking site view map prs positions on narrowband modes can decode every signal visible span instead only tuned one never ships patented library install yourself mbelib ambe imbe codec2 freedv lgpl comes nothing to button next sound each such whether was found file names folders looks open folder look again full instructions docs through is unverified real recordings encrypted are reported as ever decrypted many countries illegal intercept disclose private communications follow where live see legal related tetra","x":"## What you need A radio that tunes the band of the system (for example 446 MHz for PMR446 DMR / dPMR, 144 or 430 MHz for amateur D-STAR and M17, 800 MHz for P25 in the US) and an antenna for it. ## Steps 1. Choose the mode in group **Two-way radio** (DMR, NXDN, P25, dPMR / PMR446) or **Amateur: voice and packet** (D-STAR, M17). 2. Enter the frequency (defaults: DMR 446.10625, NXDN 446.10625, P25 851.0125, dPMR 446.103125, D-STAR 145.375, M17 433.475 MHz) and press **Start**. 3. Watch the screens: **Now**, **Calls*"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/pagers/","t":"Decode POCSAG and FLEX pagers with OnAir","c":"decodepocsagandflexpagerswithonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"Steps","w":"decode pocsag and flex pagers with onair steps privacy first pager messages can contain private information some countries restrict listening to them check the rules where you live before use this mode choose or group defaults 466 075 mhz 929 6625 enter frequency of channel in your area one 25 khz is decoded press start screens are statistics how read message type auto reads each both ways shows text when it looks like else digits by function follows standard numeric alphanumeric force right click an address fix reading for that turn off 2400 baud if only slower speed on air avoid false decodes filter box show pages whose contains something copy matching clipboard locking bad frame word was improved related modes multitone paging","x":"> **Privacy first.** Pager messages can contain private information, and some countries restrict listening to them. Check the rules where you live before you use this mode. ## Steps 1. Choose **POCSAG** or **FLEX** (group Pagers). Defaults: POCSAG 466.075 MHz, FLEX 929.6625 MHz; enter the frequency of a pager channel in your area. One 25 kHz channel is decoded. 2. Press **Start**. The screens are **Messages** and **Statistics**. 3. Choose **how POCSAG messages are read** (*Message type*): Auto reads each message bo"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/time-stations/","t":"Receive time stations and set your computer clock","c":"receivetimestationsandsetyourcomputerclock","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Sync the computer clock","w":"receive time stations and set your computer clock what you need steps sync the for lf dcf77 77 khz msf wwvb 60 jjy 40 radio that tunes below mhz sdrplay airspy hf+ rtl sdr direct sampling bpc 68 is most radios it needs an capable or up converter hf wwv wwvh bpm hla any reaches to 15 choose signals group weather science pick station share 10 shares them too so by hand chu was removed from this mode in press start view shows decoded date zone summer leap second flags dut1 seconds tick its jitter minutes each minute frame compares received after path delay position with offset first listen hear panel gnss screens uses gps read as source runs one at switch of wait until locks two agree now moves measured system asks administrator password macos uac prompt windows polkit linux nothing happens click never done automatically command can copy also shown accuracy includes usb driver buffering typically 30 ms plus tells whether hundreds milliseconds off not within optional hobby ntp server serve corrected other computers on network udp port 123 1123 without rights every answers only private lan addresses use do expose internet related modes ft8 wspr docs tutorials","x":"## What you need - For the **LF stations** (DCF77 77.5 kHz, MSF, WWVB 60 kHz, JJY 40 / 60 kHz) a radio that tunes below 1 MHz (SDRplay, Airspy HF+, RTL-SDR direct sampling). BPC (68.5 kHz) is below most radios: it needs an LF-capable radio or an up-converter. - For the **HF stations** (WWV, WWVH, BPM, HLA) any radio that reaches 2.5 to 15 MHz. ## Steps 1. Choose **Time signals** (group Weather and science) and pick a station. WWV / WWVH share 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 MHz; BPM shares them too, so choose BPM by hand. CHU wa"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/record-iq-workbench/","t":"Record IQ and analyse it in the Signal workbench","c":"recordiqandanalyseitinthesignalworkbench","s":"Tutorials","h":"Record Open it later The Signal workbench","w":"record iq and analyse it in the signal workbench open later start any mode with real radio or synthetic source press panel run onair cli auto secs 10 sigmf ticked each recording also gets meta file show opens folder recordings of data see settings files docs choose pick two channel wav give rate centre frequency sample format themselves raw cs8 cu8 cf32 ci16 cu16 need name like capture 2msps gives then plays does same group general tools drop on window audio mp3 flac ogg m4a are treated as stereo can be read is left right from disk they so 100 mb larger at once demo makes to try look an overview waveform large spectrogram mouse wheel zooms time ctrl drag pans click puts cursor selects range band shift only double clears measure selection strongest peaks bandwidth db 20 99 occupied carrier offset snr symbol estimate modulation guess candidates power over bursts demodulate demodulator am fm ssb cw ask ook fsk afsk bpsk qpsk 8psk msk gmsk for digital ones baud detect finds result shows instantaneous phase magnitude eye diagram constellation soft histogram recovered bits listen tab applies invert differential decode nrzi manchester byte reversal alignment stream hex binary ascii searches pattern inverted some wrong allowed export saves demodulated txt bin peak table csv wbtool built tests command line gen out kind 250000 12500 test known analyze demod fsk2 9600 f0 f1 related modes use library tutorials iqengine https org","x":"## Record 1. Start any mode with a real radio (or the synthetic source). 2. Press **Record IQ** in the Source panel (or run `onair-cli --record auto --secs 10`). With **SigMF** ticked each recording also gets a `.sigmf-meta` file. 3. **Show recording** opens the folder (the `recordings` folder of OnAir's data folder, see [Settings and files](/docs/settings-and-files/)). ## Open it later Choose the **IQ recording file** source and pick the file. SigMF (`.sigmf-meta` / `.sigmf-data`) and two-channel WAV files give th"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/sample-library/","t":"Use the OnAir signal sample library","c":"usetheonairsignalsamplelibrary","s":"Tutorials","h":"Use a sample Upload your own","w":"use the onair signal sample library upload your own https files on air dev holds iq and audio recordings of real signals shared by users tagged mode for example dvb t2 open find recording you want to try download it in choose then file source pick sigmf carry their rate frequency raw need format see notes press start plays through receiver exactly as live radio would or analyse something unknown workbench docs tutorials record modes that have had less testing are most useful with ticked at every is checked reviewed before appears can also send discord gg kky9c6atm attach github issue com adswill issues when reporting problem related samples","x":"The [signal sample library](https://files.on-air.dev) holds IQ and audio recordings of real signals, shared by users and tagged by mode (for example `#dvb-t2`). ## Use a sample 1. Open [files.on-air.dev](https://files.on-air.dev) and find a recording for the mode you want to try. 2. Download it. 3. In OnAir choose the mode, then the **IQ recording file** source and pick the file. SigMF recordings carry their own rate and frequency; raw files need the rate and format (see the file's notes). 4. Press **Start**. The r"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/hamlib-rig/","t":"Control a transceiver with Hamlib in OnAir","c":"controlatransceiverwithhamlibinonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"What you need Steps Tips","w":"control transceiver with hamlib in onair what you need steps tips or receiver that supports connected by serial usb cat cable an build the window tells if not for decoding rig audio into sound card input interface own device virtual source list choose add enter model number from rigctl example 1025 ic 7300 and port com3 on windows dev cu usbmodem macos label like set id of to use leave it empty only silent iq which just lets move how is read stereo lsb mono real mode ft8 press start frequency go over decoder works field dial assumes this replacement sdr when megahertz bandwidth same type websdr through see docs radios remove related rigs wspr tutorials","x":"## What you need - A transceiver or receiver that Hamlib supports, connected by a serial / USB CAT cable. - An OnAir build with Hamlib (the window tells you if not). - For decoding: the rig's audio into a sound card input (a USB audio interface, the rig's own USB sound device or a virtual cable). ## Steps 1. In the source list choose **Add Hamlib rig...**. 2. Enter the **Model** (the Hamlib number from `rigctl -l`, for example 1025 for an IC-7300) and the **Serial port** (`COM3` on Windows, `/dev/cu.usbmodem...` on"},{"u":"/docs/tutorials/two-receivers/","t":"Use two receivers or two decoders at once in OnAir","c":"usetworeceiversortwodecodersatonceinonair","s":"Tutorials","h":"Several receivers (multi-SDR) A second mode from the same capture Multi-channel TV and the general receiver (0.2.6) Whole span (0.2.5)","w":"use two receivers or decoders at once in onair several multi sdr second mode from the same capture channel tv and general receiver whole span each is full decoder with its own sample thread radio frequency gains results scanner high end computer recommended lower rates help status bar shows cpu load click strip bottom of window rx warning reminds you that performance may limit what possible new tab choose different claimed by one time list except test signal files press start up to four only plays audio speaker button others are muted closing stops saves releases cannot run already uses this modes side instead add toolbar offers appears checks rate fit says why if not twelve more became usable as decode three adjacent dvb t2 channels wide shown working on 61 44 msps draggable spectrum per recording narrowband hf ft8 ft4 wspr rtty cw psk digital voice dmr nxdn dpmr star m17 p25 can every visible tuned related network radios docs share my","x":"## Several receivers (multi-SDR) Each receiver is a full decoder with its own sample thread, radio, mode, frequency, gains, results and scanner. A high-end computer is recommended, and lower sample rates help; the status bar shows the CPU load. 1. Click **+** in the strip at the bottom of the window (RX 1 | RX 2 | +). A warning reminds you that performance may limit what is possible. 2. In the new tab choose a **different radio** and a mode. A radio is claimed by one receiver at a time (\"in use by RX n\" in the list"},{"u":"/docs/troubleshooting/","t":"OnAir troubleshooting: drivers, USB, dropped samples, no sound, crashes","c":"onairtroubleshootingdriversusbdroppedsamplesnosoundcrashes","s":"Reference","h":"The radio is not found RTL-SDR Blog V4 does not tune HF The spectrum is there but the receiver does not lock Dropped samples and a stuttering picture No sound GPU and compute options OnAir crashes or does not start Building: the computer freezes Still stuck?","w":"onair troubleshooting drivers usb dropped samples no sound crashes the radio is not found rtl sdr blog v4 does tune hf spectrum there but receiver lock and stuttering picture gpu compute options or start building computer freezes still stuck check cable press rescan for devices in source list setup wizard says it plainly when cannot see plug button again windows hackrf airspy hf+ fobos rx888 mkii need winusb driver installed once with zadig https akeo ie turn on all if listed needs both 04b4 00f3 00f1 sdrplay install api make sure service running shows help card an rsp plugged missing limesdr mini ftdi ft60x cypress cyusb3 plus pothossdr limesuite bladerf usrp docs radios wideband linux add yourself to plugdev log out replug dragon os similar build note below fast rates must be port hub settings files which library saw how many up converts inside never switches direct sampling macos bundles librtlsdr other dongles sample input directly frequency standard dvb atsc dab country picks right one look at adc line status overload means reduce gain enable agc level low sees almost nothing raise antenna auto optimise do this you weak echo filled signal usual cause of broken use quality score multipath detector while move tv channel that enough about msps per mhz width hover indicator bar what happening arriving from 97 set rate callback gaps its hands over less than asked cpu load try shorter lower ring overflow did read were thrown away close programs pick narrower near 100 real time just keeping high lost are separate things wide captures decent 10 could keep live core laptop network counts underruns tcp uses bit plutosdr reaches test lose they wait mode plays has speaker listen control decoders ft8 rtty cw psk31 js8call sstv have command silent unless several receivers only audio tab digital voice dmr p25 nxdn dpmr star codec m17 freedv codec2 next codecs some decoded hd hdc patented cdr dra+ optional inmarsat aero stations data can save raw dra stream work was started sudo fixed issue 67 wasapi through miniaudio coreaudio ldpc error correction repair run where available metal direct3d 11 decoder yet so runs s2 dtmb setting results same as adapter chosen notes hidden view menu lowers window visible crash reports written file txt platform folder uploaded keeps failing tries interface after unfinished two row sets your saved aside starts defaults screen old kept rel","x":"## The radio is not found 1. Check the cable and press **Rescan for devices** in the source list. The setup wizard says it plainly when it cannot see a radio: plug it in and press the button again. 2. **Windows:** a HackRF, RTL-SDR, Airspy, Airspy HF+, Fobos SDR and RX888 MkII need the **WinUSB** driver, installed once with [Zadig](https://zadig.akeo.ie) (turn on *List All Devices* if the radio is not listed). The RX888 MkII needs it for both `04B4:00F3` and `04B4:00F1`. 3. **SDRplay:** install the SDRplay API and "},{"u":"/docs/faq/","t":"OnAir FAQ: radios, modes, encryption, legality, voice codecs","c":"onairfaqradiosmodesencryptionlegalityvoicecodecs","s":"Reference","h":"General What is OnAir? Is it free? Which radios work? Do I need a radio to try it? Which operating systems? Why is my radio not found on Windows? Signals and law Can OnAir decrypt encrypted channels or calls? Is it legal? Which modes have been tested on real signals? Why no sound on DMR, P25 or D-ST","w":"onair faq radios modes encryption legality voice codecs general what is it free which work do need radio to try operating systems why my not found on windows signals and law can decrypt encrypted channels or calls legal have been tested real no sound dmr p25 star does transmit using how improve weak signal watch tv another device use two at once with an rtl sdr for languages speak there command line api privacy updates send over the internet turn off update check helping help open source application macos linux that turns software defined into receiver decoder digital dvb t2 atsc isdb dtmb s2 dab+ drm hd fm rds aircraft ships satellites way pagers amateur iot much more shows spectrum waterfall constellations so you see doing mode list has every entry yes gpl later account subscription if useful support ko fi https com adswill hackrf one pro natively bladerf limesdr usrp plutosdr airspy sdrplay hf+ fobos rx888 directly network anything soapysdr module supported docs press tour choose synthetic most include built in test also recordings from sample library samples 15 apple silicon intel 10 11 64 bit x86 arm64 android app yet install winusb driver zadig troubleshooting services cannot be decoded tetra others are only reported as nothing decrypted receiving broadcasts places but laws differ especially private some aviation maritime traffic receive may up page says was checked where generated exactly of welcome upload them files air dev discord those patented ship provide released versions development build adds separate view licensed users notes antenna height clear toward transmitter matter than else auto tune optimise gain quality score echo detector tuner streams vlc phones plex jellyfin plain stream hls mac cast airplay tutorial tutorials four receivers too slow works dab narrow english german french spanish chinese lithuanian portuguese brazil hungarian added language cli dect2scan remote control http websocket by default almost github map psk reporter similar opt version button top right setting well automatic pre releases little world testing bug reports iq recording pull requests tip contributing","x":"## General ### What is OnAir? A free, open-source application for macOS, Windows and Linux that turns a software-defined radio (SDR) into a receiver and decoder: digital TV (DVB-T2, DVB-T, ATSC, ISDB-T, DTMB, DVB-S/S2, DVB-C), radio (DAB+, DRM, HD Radio, FM with RDS), aircraft and ships, satellites, two-way radio, pagers, amateur digital modes, IoT and much more. It shows the spectrum, waterfall and constellations so you can see what the receiver is doing. The [mode list](/modes/) has every entry. ### Is it free? Y"},{"u":"/docs/cli/","t":"OnAir command line: onair-cli and dect2scan","c":"onaircommandlineonairclianddect2scan","s":"Reference","h":"Examples Options Mode ids for --standard dect2scan","w":"onair command line cli and dect2scan examples options mode ids for standard is the installed name of program source tree builds as dect2cli it prints sync level telemetry once per second can play service record iq write transport stream or serve network tuner channel scanner wbtool isdbtgen are developer tools built with tests receive hackrf tuned to 522 mhz 20 seconds freq secs from recording 10 msps bit signed file capture cs8 rate format raw any radio synthetic auto names you iridium bursts toolkit bits output 600 tetra information 392 fm sound wav 98 out sigmf meta two gives its own centre frequency sample still override does not work option meaning use path read cu8 cf32 in test signal demo makes dvb atsc carry card programme snr db sets noise tune bw width autobw finds lna vga amp gain gains stages overall other radios key value setting example iqformat plutosdr tezuka how long run id t2 dvbt atsc3 dab isdbt sub listed below select outputs ts udp host port rtp no null send over optionally without packets lan on lets computers connect save samples folder listen 48 khz stereo plays voice cw ham modes silent otherwise compute cpu gpu where error correction runs ref lat lon receiver position ads reference isdb dvbc sr msym qam annexc manual symbol order 83 annex gi mod parameters dpmr scan 16 pmr446 channels orbcomm downlinks decoded at ble 37 38 39 bluetooth le advertising atv analog tv video fpv links lines sopt sval values tuning table each acars adsb aero airband ais ale am ant ardop argos asterix astro bletracker cdr cell codar contestia cquam cubesat datawell dect dgps dji dme dmr dominoex drm dsc dstar dtmb dvbs ebicab eczas edacs elektro eloran esubghz flarm flex freedv fsq fst4 ft2 ft4 ft8 fusion general globalstar gnss goes goesdcs gsmr halow hamdrm hdr hell hfbeacon hfdig hfdl horus hrpt ifkp ils inmc iono isdbs ism js8 jt4 jt65 jt9 kaal kaft kait kapp kavb kaws klw lbj loraaprs loraraw lorasat lorawan lorawanwide ltr m17 mac marine marinevhf mesh meshcom meshcore meshtastic meteor mfsk milhf modeac mpt1327 mscatter msk144 mt63 multitone navtex nbiot ndb nfc nr nxdn olivia p25 p25p2 packet pactor pager pocsag psk pskd q65 qo100 rid roshf rtty same sarsat satbeacon sbas sigfox sonde specan specx ssdv sstv tetrapol thor time tones uat uplink vdes vdl2 vdl4 vor vorils wb wefax wifi wisun wmbus wspr zigbee zwave step quick noamp occ scans range firs","x":"`onair-cli` is the installed name of the program the source tree builds as `dect2cli`. It prints sync and level telemetry once per second and can play a service, record IQ, write a transport stream or serve the network tuner. `dect2scan` is a channel scanner. `wbtool` and `isdbtgen` are developer tools built with the tests. ## Examples ``` # receive with a HackRF, tuned to 522 MHz, for 20 seconds onair-cli --hackrf --freq 522 --secs 20 # play a service from a recording (10 Msps, 8-bit signed) onair-cli --file captu"},{"u":"/docs/remote-api/","t":"OnAir remote-control API: HTTP and WebSocket","c":"onairremotecontrolapihttpandwebsocket","s":"Reference","h":"Security Endpoints","w":"onair remote control api http and websocket security endpoints new in beta pre releases not scripts other programs can over it is off by default turn on view data feeds rx listens 127 port 8765 only let computers connect opens to the network then needs token at least 16 characters made for you app shows copy same computer need no every address must send authorization bearer or which ends up logs prefer header web page cannot drive cors headers are ever sent post be content type application json request with foreign origin non loopback host refused limits kb block body connections websockets plain tls lan anyone who sniff traffic sees endpoint what does get v1 status running receiver device family mode frequency hz sample rate gain db agc range devices radios sources index name kind board serial selected modes sub protocol entries telemetry active report standard state locked snrdb cfohz fec blocksok blocksbad quality details dvb t2 atsc dab fm s2 dtmb spectrum bins latest line dbfs centerhz sampleratehz rmsdbfs peak clipfraction start stop optionally 25 ft8 stopped 1090000000 mhz 474 samplerate 2400000 msps automatic 33 turns ws read that pushes most 10 times second true 512 frames too replies failed gives error such as 400 401 403 404 405 413 415 431 503 busy curl 192 168 20","x":"> **New in 0.2.6** (beta pre-releases), not in 0.2.5. Scripts and other programs can control OnAir over HTTP and WebSocket. It is **off by default**: turn it on in **View > Data feeds > Remote control API** (RX 1). ## Security - It listens on `127.0.0.1` (port 8765) only. **Let other computers connect** opens it to the network and then needs a token (at least 16 characters, made for you; the app shows it and can copy it). - Programs on the same computer need no token; every other address must send `Authorization: B"},{"u":"/docs/onair-web/","t":"OnAir Web: share your radio with many listeners in a browser","c":"onairwebshareyourradiowithmanylistenersinabrowser","s":"Reference","h":"Quick start in 5 minutes What web.on-air.dev is (and is not) Put it on the internet with a Cloudflare Tunnel Troubleshooting","w":"onair web share your radio with many listeners in browser quick start minutes what on air dev is and not put it the internet cloudflare tunnel troubleshooting turns headless server into websdr style receiver for people at once sdr captures wide piece of spectrum everyone who opens page gets their own virtual inside frequency mode audio waterfall you need computer an hackrf rtl airspy so pro use 10 msps receive only nobody listens can transmit or change included every download later there nothing extra to install system where macos dmg app applications contents lan linux deb usr bin path plus optional systemd unit installed but enabled portable tar gz unpacked folder windows installer program files exe menu zip next run from terminal that then right part switched no hand add device test get built signal same open http 127 8073 another phone home network see click tune pick am nfm wfm usb lsb cw press speaker hear person tuning tunes anybody else away choose centre sample rate are set control port 8765 freq mhz config conf wider gives more uses processor time all let outside listen read https viewer copy has without behind address says this exists somebody runs if want public name front as below also works do opening router cgnat free needs domain cloudflared developers com one connections connect networks downloads these comes trust proxy auth invite max users origin trycloudflare line must be exactly will scheme slash end know after step first restart url prints something new random each starts fixed make named dashboard pointing repo file docs md section admin api password characters send link form token never reaches logs keep small everybody upload bandwidth about 50 kbit zoomed sits honest status tested synthetic signals simulated clients we have yet tried real browsers over beyond demo expect rough edges tell us find laws differ by country host responsible lets safety legal defaults allow range limit frequencies needed was loaded plain such running points wrong check v1 info answer json forward connection lost reconnecting websocket closed retries itself common causes stopped does pass websockets nginx upgrade lines point log reason opened under example changed still old option repeated when busy full already tries again few seconds raise carry access refused missing revoked five block minute sound before they play button fit squelch shows started firew","x":"OnAir Web turns the headless server (`onair-server`) into a WebSDR-style receiver for many people at once. Your SDR captures a wide piece of spectrum; everyone who opens your page gets their own virtual receiver inside it: own frequency, mode, audio and waterfall. ## Quick start in 5 minutes You need: a computer with OnAir's `onair-server` and an SDR (HackRF, RTL-SDR, Airspy and so on). With a HackRF Pro use 10 Msps. OnAir Web is receive-only: nobody who listens can transmit or change your radio. `onair-server` is "},{"u":"/docs/host-a-receiver/","t":"Host a receiver: put your radio online and list it on web.on-air.dev","c":"hostareceiverputyourradioonlineandlistitonwebonairdev","s":"Reference","h":"Read this first: what is tested and what is not What you will do, in one picture Words you will see (short explanations) Before you start: a checklist Safe defaults you get for free Step 1. Install OnAir Step 2. Start the server and look at it on your own computer Step 3. Decide who may listen Step ","w":"host receiver put your radio online and list it on web air dev read this first what is tested not you will do in one picture words see short explanations before start checklist safe defaults get for free step install onair the server look at own computer decide who may listen make reachable from internet way tailscale funnel easiest cloudflare tunnel domain router port forward caddy classic by itself after restart safety bandwidth law or newer remove listing troubleshooting more reading be honest with yourself about state of feature part lot built test signal fake listeners author mac including https certificate has yet been tried real browser over raspberry pi through steps those three are written their official documents code parts that can checked were marked below rest untested if does work table end place to please tell us github happened which version have matters everything guide works page inside download two things different box cannot because no support coming try build source wait usb running proxy 8073 adds padlock browsers plug password choose ways needs changes optional terminal command line window where type press enter instead clicking looks plain purpose how open each copy into text paste windows right click ctrl+v cmd+v program waits other programs here connect asks them nothing while runs ip address number identifies network like 192 168 20 addresses starting 10 172 16 31 private they only home numbered door listens behind uses control 8765 provider connects hides computers public http talks same but locked bar so nobody passwords must use name example org buy registrar few euros year need helper visitors talk provides settings file keeps its notepad textedit nano linux stay people 11 pc 64 bit supports plugged whole device pointless practise an connection listener roughly mbit upload speed up smaller ten fast com speedtest net 30 60 minutes transmit change frequency gain touch files stays unless never opens used either until front installer adswill releases newest release top assets folded x64 setup exe double shows blue protected info then run anyway signed paid next finishes should menu found later driver once readme folder says hackrf rtl sdr airspy winusb installed tool called zadig macos arm64 dmg apple chip m1 m2 m3 x86 older intel sure means drag applications time unidentified developer close system privacy security scroll down nee","x":"## Read this first: what is tested and what is not Be honest with yourself about the state of this feature before you start. * The server part (`onair-server` with OnAir Web) is tested a lot with the built-in test signal, with fake listeners, and on the author's Mac, including HTTPS with a certificate. * It has **not yet been tried with a real browser over the real internet, on a Raspberry Pi, or through Tailscale, Cloudflare or Caddy.** The steps for those three are written from their official documents and from r"},{"u":"/docs/codecs/","t":"Voice codecs for OnAir: mbelib, codec2 and the patented ones","c":"voicecodecsforonairmbelibcodec2andthepatentedones","s":"Reference","h":"Which mode needs which codec Where OnAir looks Build mbelib yourself codec2 (FreeDV, M17) Other audio you cannot hear","w":"voice codecs for onair mbelib codec2 and the patented ones which mode needs codec where looks build yourself freedv m17 other audio you cannot hear your responsibility whether may install or use these is up to follow patent radio listening law live every that has small button it shows library was found exact file names folders searches an open folder makes if missing look again no restart needed dmr p25 phase nxdn dpmr ambe+2 imbe star ambe 700d 700e 1600 lgpl comes with rade neural modem optional librade not tetra its own speech nothing decoded dab drm tv fm mp2 aac 264 others ffmpeg inside atsc dolby ac libavcodec libavutil from decoder without sound left out picture still play hd hdc none nrsc5 cdr dra+ licence status unclear add on libonair dra until do services data work can save stream does help digital says need silent include because vocoders are calls ids shown put in next then press dect2 path environment variable full set libraries ship program windows exe linux lib macos app copy wins over shipped one system opt homebrew usr local lib64 dll libmbe dylib so libcodec2 os user localappdata application support share decodes some countries source github com lwvmobile https check first sudo apt git cmake essential clone cd mkdir make ldconfig same brew into msys2 mingw w64 x86 64 gcc dbuild shared libs libgcc seh libwinpthread load walkthrough docs md adswill blob main encrypted only reported as never decrypts separate loaded at run time after download instead of incomplete unpack whole package stations pictures listed panel amber notice how writes raw streams builds have dtmb china avs+ avs2 avs3 plays what built inmarsat aero channel iridium counted toolkit bits","x":"> **Your responsibility.** Whether you may install or use these codecs is up to you: follow the patent and radio-listening law where you live. Every mode that needs a codec has a small **?** button. It shows whether the library was found and where, the exact file names OnAir looks for, the folders it searches, an **Open codecs folder** button (it makes the folder if it is missing) and **Look again** (no restart needed). ## Which mode needs which codec | Mode | Codec | Library | |---|---|---| | DMR, P25 Phase 1, NXD"},{"u":"/docs/build/","t":"Build OnAir from source: CMake on macOS, Linux and Windows","c":"buildonairfromsourcecmakeonmacoslinuxandwindows","s":"Reference","h":"macOS and Linux Windows (MSYS2) Tuning for your own CPU Packaging Where to go next","w":"build onair from source cmake on macos linux and windows msys2 tuning for your own cpu packaging where to go next brew install pkg config hackrf soapysdr libusb ffmpeg glfw debian ubuntu sudo apt essential libhackrf dev libsoapysdr libglfw3 libavformat libavcodec libavutil libswscale libswresample git clone https github com adswill cd dcmake type release ddect2 app getconf nprocessors onln one job per core ctest test dir bare starts hundreds of jobs can run out memory the is dect2 without radio you open an iq recording through file or use command line dect2cli capture cs8 rate 10 format play see docs cli www org with its default settings ucrt64 start menu not mingw64 it has no packages update pacman syu again if window closes tools needed zip mingw w64 ucrt x86 64 gcc ninja pkgconf libiconv optional nsis setup exe then same shell so finds dlls runs tests folder that any pc package make sh portable in installed winusb driver zadig cross builds compiler programs are built baseline bit pick avx2 at time binary yourself be lighter win intel macs everything fma refuses older cpus cxx flags march native clang standard variable result only like yours plain c++ instead accelerate simd unusual slower other options cmakelists txt ui backend metal opengl3 soapy have hamlib bundle codec2 configure clean after changing them dmg targets 15 by set macosx deployment target override contributing code map","x":"## macOS and Linux ``` # macOS brew install cmake pkg-config hackrf soapysdr libusb ffmpeg glfw # Debian / Ubuntu sudo apt install build-essential cmake pkg-config libhackrf-dev libsoapysdr-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev \\ libglfw3-dev libavformat-dev libavcodec-dev libavutil-dev libswscale-dev libswresample-dev git clone https://github.com/adswill/OnAir.git && cd OnAir cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DDECT2_BUILD_APP=ON cmake --build build -j \"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)\" # one job per core ctest --test-dir"},{"u":"/docs/contributing/","t":"Contributing to OnAir and a map of the code","c":"contributingtoonairandamapofthecode","s":"Reference","h":"Reporting a problem Pull requests How OnAir is put together The path of a signal Folders Adding a mode Platform notes Tests","w":"contributing to onair and map of the code reporting problem pull requests how is put together path signal folders adding mode platform notes tests open an issue https github com adswill issues say what you did expected happened your operating system radio standard channel log see settings files docs helps so does screenshot status bar constellations save bug report writes one zip with everything iq recording record or cli auto secs 10 most useful attachment keep change focused explain why in description build must pass on every ci linux x86 64 arm64 macos apple silicon intel windows specific behind ifdef win32 add extend test when receiver error correction player logic generators library make possible without do not decoded output unless that point compare it match style around short comments no large reformatting tested which by sending contribution agree released under gpl later from source c++20 program two layers core knows nothing about graphical app draws reports command line tools use same ring buffer engine transport stream screen speakers analysis t2 dvb atsc dab ts cpp thread sources src deliver complex samples file hackrf natively other radios through their own soapysdr recordings built synthetic owns runs feeds spectrum analyser for chosen watches unplug reconnect publishes snapshots interface receivers folder per example adsb fm main tv are t2rx dvbt rx atsc3 isdbt bbunpack turns baseband frames into packets parses services guide subtitles decodes video audio ffmpeg keeps clock repairs gaps outputs tsout nettuner udp rtp network tuner threads never wait helper gpu has its reader callback include dect2 public headers implementation topic window loop layout state screens ui dect2cli dect2scan packaging scripts unit benchmarks fuzzer run ctest icons installer resources third party dear imgui miniaudio codec2 row kmodes toolbar name group blurb tip label search keys plus xxxtuning function describing usual frequency sample rate tuning accelerate vdsp metal ldpc coreaudio frame interpolation picture repair direct3d 11 d3d11va wasapi sound vector kernels exist twice avx2 baseline loader picks decoder yet dir signals produced they need architecture md blob more real world checklist check","x":"## Reporting a problem Open an [issue](https://github.com/adswill/OnAir/issues) and say what you did, what you expected, what happened, your operating system, your radio and the standard of the channel. The log (`onair.log`, see [Settings and files](/docs/settings-and-files/)) helps, and so does a screenshot of the status bar and the constellations. **Save bug report** writes one zip with everything. An IQ recording of the problem (**Record IQ**, or `onair-cli --record auto --secs 10`) is the most useful attachment"},{"u":"/docs/privacy/","t":"OnAir privacy: what the app sends and when","c":"onairprivacywhattheappsendsandwhen","s":"Project","h":"In short Every feature that uses the internet The public map in detail Things that stay on your computer Receiving other people's signals","w":"onair privacy what the app sends and when in short every feature that uses internet public map detail things stay on your computer receiving other people signals has no account analytics telemetry by default only server it contacts its own is github for update check which you can turn off everything uploads something about or receiver opt until crash reports are written to file nothing uploaded attach one yourself if choose sent api com downloads usual web request with user agent package verified against sha 256 switch version button upload air dev decoded positions see below asks first online tiles tile openstreetmap org area view so sees ip address shown use offline mbtiles avoid satellite orbit data tle celestrak keplerpass list normal download press cell tower lookup opencellid identity mcc mnc tac id key at most once second answers cached paste shared channel raw githubusercontent adswill channels open submitting browser opens text filled submit need click psk reporter pskreporter info stations decode callsign frequency snr mode locator time antenna batched minutes tick wspr spots wsprnet meshcore presets nz refresh discord status profile https live of aircraft ships aprs mesh nodes users share everyone watch asking three choices send not now again next start do ask any menu themselves each track kind vessel drone sonde an identifier icao ship mmsi name signal carries label latitude longitude altitude heading speed climb rate squawk age fix source recent path up 60 points also random 20 character station makes derived from never catalogue orbits location operator locations flagged flarm their stealth flags respected everywhere towers built test old fixes dropped before sending example 30 seconds ads batch few heartbeat minute while small diagnostic log kept inside support position coordinates settings recordings results files docs remote control listens 127 unless token my radio feeds them this let computers connect lan optional ntp private addresses anonymous logged saved exported many decodes come devices pagers iot sensors bluetooth wi fi beacons lora meshes information passive connects pairs joins decrypts may listen keep legal question where questions corrections issues","x":"## In short - OnAir has **no account, no analytics and no telemetry**. - By default the only server it contacts on its own is **GitHub, for the update check**, which you can turn off. - Everything that uploads something about you or your receiver is **opt-in and off until you turn it on**. - Crash reports are **written to a file on your computer**; nothing is uploaded. You attach one yourself if you choose to. ## Every feature that uses the internet | Feature | Server | What is sent | Default | |---|---|---|---| | "},{"u":"/docs/legal/","t":"Legal notes: receiving radio signals with OnAir","c":"legalnotesreceivingradiosignalswithonair","s":"Project","h":"Receiving Notes per group of modes Codecs and patents Transmitting Licence of the software","w":"legal notes receiving radio signals with onair per group of modes codecs and patents transmitting licence the software this page is general information from project not advice laws about reception privacy differ by country change you are responsible for following rules where live built to receive released versions before only it never decrypts anything encrypted tv services cannot be decoded calls dmr p25 tetra others reported as broadcasts in most places but especially private two way pagers some aviation maritime traffic many countries illegal intercept or disclose communications listen use pass on what hear pager messages can contain restrict listening them passive bluetooth wi fi zigbee ant+ dect lorawan cellular devices base stations broadcast openly they connect pair join network decrypt payload reports uploads public map psk reporter wspr opt see docs time safety an alerting service certified source do rely same eas decoder ais ads displays clock tools exact free air decode scrambled does try aircraft using receiver check ship coast station limits passing satellite navigation downlinks generally spread content voice that patented shipped show up decrypted needs library install yourself follow law rail reads cells any user mode iot sensors receives connects pairs joins networks payloads weather science these amateur digital meant received no transmit packet codec hf utility belongs governments military look at spectrum may ka family own signal formats still development arm button your settings audio ambe imbe hdc dra whether responsibility build has separate experimental view permission emit read under gnu license v3 later includes dear imgui miniaudio each permissive ships codec2 lgpl shared uses ffmpeg glfw libusb libhackrf github https com adswill","x":"> This page is general information from the project, **not legal advice**. Laws about radio reception, privacy and patents differ by country and change. You are responsible for following the rules where you live. ## Receiving - **OnAir is built to receive.** The released versions (0.2.5 and before) only receive. It never decrypts anything: encrypted TV services cannot be decoded, and encrypted radio calls (DMR, P25, TETRA and others) are only reported as encrypted. - **Receiving broadcasts is legal in most places**"},{"u":"/docs/transmit/","t":"Transmit (experimental) in OnAir","c":"transmitexperimentalinonair","s":"Project","h":"Where it is Rules the program follows Radios that can transmit Modes that can transmit Modes that are not offered What has been tested","w":"transmit experimental in onair where it is rules the program follows radios that can modes are not offered what has been tested","x":""},{"u":"/docs/samples/","t":"OnAir signal sample library","c":"onairsignalsamplelibrary","s":"Project","h":"","w":"onair signal sample library the lives at files on air dev https it holds iq and audio recordings of real signals shared by users tagged mode for example dvb t2 use recording without owning radio docs tutorials upload your own every file is checked reviewed before appears modes with little world testing are most useful record sigmf ticked so carries its rate frequency format open in through source workbench iqengine org","x":"The library lives at **[files.on-air.dev](https://files.on-air.dev)**. It holds IQ and audio recordings of real signals, shared by users and tagged by mode (for example `#dvb-t2`). - **Use a recording** without owning a radio: [Use the signal sample library](/docs/tutorials/sample-library/). - **Upload your own:** every file is checked and reviewed before it appears. Recordings of modes with little real-world testing are the most useful. Record with **Record IQ** (SigMF ticked) so the file carries its rate, frequen"},{"u":"/docs/map/","t":"OnAir live map: map.on-air.dev","c":"onairlivemapmaponairdev","s":"Project","h":"","w":"onair live map on air dev https is the public of aircraft ships aprs mesh nodes and other positions that users choose to share everyone can watch it your receiver only sends data when you turn sharing or off in server menu asks first time until agree what sent never see privacy docs detail come from signals decodes such as ads tutorials adsb ais acars vdl2 hfdl radiosondes satellites open","x":"**[map.on-air.dev](https://map.on-air.dev)** is the public live map of aircraft, ships, APRS, mesh nodes and other positions that OnAir users choose to share. Everyone can watch it. Your receiver only sends data when you turn that on. - **Turn sharing on or off** in the **Server** menu. OnAir asks the first time. It is off until you agree. - **What is sent and what never is:** see [Privacy](/docs/privacy/#the-public-map-in-detail). - The positions come from signals your receiver decodes, such as [ADS-B](/docs/tutor"},{"u":"/android/","t":"OnAir for Android: coming with 0.2.6","c":"onairforandroidcomingwith026","s":"Project","h":"","w":"onair for android coming with an version is there nothing to download yet and this page makes no promises about features or supported radios details will be added when the release out meanwhile runs on macos windows linux follow progress watch github releases https com adswill join discord gg kky9c6atm","x":"An Android version is **coming with 0.2.6**. There is nothing to download yet, and this page makes no promises about features or supported radios. Details will be added when the release is out. Meanwhile OnAir runs on [macOS, Windows and Linux](/download/). To follow progress, watch the [GitHub releases](https://github.com/adswill/OnAir/releases) or join the [Discord](https://discord.gg/Kky9c6atm)."},{"u":"/modes/dvb/","t":"DVB","c":"dvb","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What DVB is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DVB More in TV","w":"dvb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv t2 are digital terrestrial television standards used across europe middle east africa asia australia channel to mhz wide carries several services one mpeg transport stream detected automatically on real broadcasts","x":"DVB-T2 and DVB-T are the digital terrestrial television standards used across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Australia. A channel is 1.7 to 8 MHz wide and carries several TV and radio services in one MPEG transport stream. DVB-T2 / DVB-T, detected automatically Digital TV Used and checked on real broadcasts."},{"u":"/modes/tv-auto/","t":"TV (auto)","c":"tvauto","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What TV (auto) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about TV (auto) More in TV","w":"tv auto what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in automatic detect dvb t2 isdb atsc dtmb analog standard finds out channel carries s2 analogue its parameters then switches receiver on generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"auto automatic detect tv dvb dvb-t dvb-t2 dvb-c dvb-s isdb atsc dtmb analog which standard Finds out which TV standard the channel carries (DVB-T, DVB-T2, DVB-C, DVB-S/S2, ISDB-T, ATSC 1.0 / 3.0, DTMB, analogue) and its parameters, then switches the receiver on. Finds out which TV standard the channel carries (DVB-T, DVB-T2, DVB-C, DVB-S/S2, ISDB-T, ATSC 1.0 / 3.0, DTMB, analogue) and its parameters, then switches the receiver on Finds out which TV standard the channel carries (DVB-T, DVB-T2, DVB-C, DVB-S/S2, ISDB-"},{"u":"/modes/atsc/","t":"ATSC","c":"atsc","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What ATSC is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ATSC More in TV","w":"atsc what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv digital television standard of north america south korea 8vsb modulation mhz channels mpeg transport stream vsb channel dvb only are off used on real broadcasts","x":"ATSC 1.0 is the digital television standard of North America and South Korea (8VSB modulation, 6 MHz channels, MPEG-2 transport stream). ATSC 8-VSB, 6 MHz channel (the DVB-only settings are off) Digital TV Used and checked on real broadcasts."},{"u":"/modes/atsc-3-0/","t":"ATSC 3.0","c":"atsc30","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What ATSC 3.0 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ATSC 3.0 More in TV","w":"atsc what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv also called nextgen ip based successor to ofdm modulation ldpc error correction hevc video mhz channel route services digital decodes real broadcasts time interleaving subframes release that use mmtp or ac audio are not supported yet","x":"ATSC 3.0, also called NextGen TV, is the IP-based successor to ATSC 1.0 with OFDM modulation, LDPC error correction and HEVC video. ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV), 6 MHz channel, ROUTE services Digital TV Decodes real broadcasts, with time interleaving and subframes (release 0.2.4). Services that use MMTP or AC-4 audio are not supported yet."},{"u":"/modes/isdb-t/","t":"ISDB-T","c":"isdbt","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What ISDB-T is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ISDB-T More in TV","w":"isdb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv terrestrial television standard of japan brazil most south america splits mhz channel into 13 segments one can carry segment mobile channels maldives or digital decodes real transmissions dektec plutosdr captures release names japanese character set are not converted yet","x":"ISDB-T is the terrestrial television standard of Japan, Brazil and most of South America. It splits a 6 MHz channel into 13 segments, one of which can carry one-segment mobile TV. ISDB-T (Japan, Brazil and most of South America; 8 MHz channels in the Maldives), 6, 7 or 8 MHz channel, 13 segments Digital TV and one-segment mobile TV Decodes real transmissions, checked with real Dektec and PlutoSDR captures (release 0.2.5). Channel names in the Japanese character set are not converted yet."},{"u":"/modes/dvb-s-s2/","t":"DVB-S/S2","c":"dvbss2","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What DVB-S/S2 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DVB-S/S2 More in TV","w":"dvb s2 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv are satellite television standards receive them dish an lnb sees output intermediate frequency s2x band if through channels playback all modcods generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"DVB-S and DVB-S2 are the satellite television standards. You receive them with a dish and an LNB, and the radio sees the LNB output (the intermediate frequency). DVB-S, DVB-S2 and DVB-S2X satellite TV (L-band IF through an LNB) Channels and playback, all DVB-S2 MODCODs Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/tv-sat-beacon-decoder/","t":"TV sat beacon decoder","c":"tvsatbeacondecoder","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What TV sat beacon decoder is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about TV sat beacon decoder More in TV","w":"tv sat beacon decoder what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite carrier cw ku band lnb telemetry tracking propagation drift n0 geostationary subcarrier bpsk frames pm phase modulation reference 11 ghz narrow of or ka through an found anywhere capture followed frequency level offset per minute other lines second listed their spacing modulated demodulated too tones are bits recovered at detected bit rate frame length start that never change learned from repetition hex words classified constants counters clock checksum commutated samples shown decoded view can be exported as csv json estimated against table published beacons layout given not needs sees dish msps generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"tv sat beacon decoder satellite beacon carrier cw ku band lnb telemetry tracking beacon propagation drift c/n0 geostationary subcarrier bpsk frames pm phase modulation reference carrier 11.7 ghz TV satellite beacon decoder: the narrow carrier of a geostationary satellite (a Ku or Ka band beacon through an LNB), found anywhere in the capture and followed in frequency and level (C/N0, offset, drift per minute), the other narrow lines and a second reference carrier listed with their spacing. A phase-modulated beacon i"},{"u":"/modes/dtmb/","t":"DTMB","c":"dtmb","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What DTMB is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DTMB More in TV","w":"dtmb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv digital terrestrial television standard of china hong kong macau cuba or mhz channel channels playback real recordings that users sent fixes release","x":"DTMB is the digital terrestrial television standard of China, Hong Kong, Macau and Cuba. DTMB / DTMB-A digital TV (China, Hong Kong, Cuba), 8 or 6 MHz channel Channels and playback Checked with real DTMB recordings that users sent (fixes in release 0.2.4)."},{"u":"/modes/isdb-s-bs/","t":"ISDB-S (BS)","c":"isdbsbs","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What ISDB-S (BS) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ISDB-S (BS) More in TV","w":"isdb bs what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv isdbs japan satellite nhk 110e arib japanese television 12 ghz through an lnb 28 86 msym bpsk qpsk tc8psk slots tmcc reed solomon needs that samples 39 msps or generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"isdbs isdb-s bs japan satellite tv nhk 110e arib ISDB-S, Japanese BS satellite television (12 GHz through an LNB): 28.86 Msym/s, BPSK / QPSK / TC8PSK slots, TMCC, Reed-Solomon; needs a radio that samples 39 Msps or more. ISDB-S, Japanese BS satellite television (12 GHz through an LNB): 28.86 Msym/s, BPSK / QPSK / TC8PSK slots, TMCC, Reed-Solomon; needs a radio that samples 39 Msps or more ISDB-S, Japanese BS satellite television (12 GHz through an LNB): 28.86 Msym/s, BPSK / QPSK / TC8PSK slots, TMCC, Reed-Solomon; "},{"u":"/modes/dvb-c/","t":"DVB-C","c":"dvbc","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What DVB-C is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DVB-C More in TV","w":"dvb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv dvbc cable qam 83 annex catv digital television standard 16 to 256 needs feed from network not an antenna en 300 429 symbol rate measured or set found automatically channels playback generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"dvbc dvb-c cable qam j.83 annex catv tv DVB-C is the digital cable television standard (J.83 annex A and C, 16 to 256-QAM). It needs a feed from a cable network, not an antenna. DVB-C cable TV (EN 300 429 / J.83 annex A and C): 16 to 256-QAM, symbol rate measured or set; needs a cable feed Symbol rate and QAM found automatically, channels and playback Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/analog-tv/","t":"Analog TV","c":"analogtv","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What Analog TV is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Analog TV More in TV","w":"analog tv what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in analogue television pal secam ntsc their regional variants switched off many countries but still exists on cable test equipment vintage setups fm nicam 728 or a2 stereo sound picture generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"Analogue television (PAL, SECAM, NTSC and their regional variants) is switched off in many countries but still exists on cable, in test equipment and in vintage setups. Analogue TV: PAL, SECAM and NTSC with FM, NICAM-728 or A2 stereo sound Picture and sound Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/fpv-video-analog/","t":"FPV video (analog)","c":"fpvvideoanalog","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What FPV video (analog) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FPV video (analog) More in TV","w":"fpv video analog what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv drone first person view vtx race raceband fatshark boscam 8ghz 2ghz goggles osd links drones ghz bands scan channels watch picture live record generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"fpv fpv video drone first person view analog video vtx race raceband fatshark boscam 5.8 5.8ghz 1.2 1.2ghz 1.3 goggles osd Analog FPV video links (drones, 5.8 GHz bands A, B, E, F, R, L and 1.2 GHz): scan the channels, watch the picture live, record it. Analog FPV video links (drones, 5.8 GHz bands A, B, E, F, R, L and 1.2 GHz): scan the channels, watch the picture live, record it Analog FPV video links (drones, 5.8 GHz bands A, B, E, F, R, L and 1.2 GHz): scan the channels, watch the picture live, record it Checke"},{"u":"/modes/mac/","t":"MAC","c":"mac","s":"Mode reference: TV","h":"What MAC is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MAC More in TV","w":"mac what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tv d2 d2mac dmac multiplexed analogue components eurocrypt satellite tdf sat astra filmnet canal+ nordic packet were digital hybrid television systems of late 1980s 1990s sound data 90s european fm 27 mhz wide 20 msps sees most picture 16 channel name detected not descrambled generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"mac d2-mac d2mac d-mac dmac b-mac c-mac multiplexed analogue components eurocrypt satellite tv tdf tv-sat astra filmnet canal+ nordic packet D2-MAC and D-MAC were analogue-digital hybrid satellite television systems of the late 1980s and 1990s, with digital sound and data. MAC television (D2-MAC, D-MAC): the 1980s-90s European satellite TV, FM, about 27 MHz wide (20 Msps sees most of it) Picture (4:3 / 16:9), channel name, digital sound; EuroCrypt detected, not descrambled Checked with generated signals and impairm"},{"u":"/modes/dab-dabplus/","t":"DAB / DAB+","c":"dabdab","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What DAB / DAB+ is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DAB / DAB+ More in Broadcast radio","w":"dab dab+ what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast are digital standards of europe australia other regions one ensemble carries many stations text slideshow transmitter identification band iii channels 5a to 13f journaline menu pages pad or packet mode etsi ts 102 979 used on real broadcasts","x":"DAB and DAB+ are the digital radio standards of Europe, Australia and other regions. One ensemble carries many stations, with text, slideshow and transmitter identification. DAB / DAB+ digital radio, Band III channels 5A to 13F Digital radio; Journaline text and menu pages (PAD or packet mode, ETSI TS 102 979) Used and checked on real broadcasts."},{"u":"/modes/fm/","t":"FM","c":"fm","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What FM is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FM More in Broadcast radio","w":"fm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast 87 to 108 mhz most of world carries stereo sound rds data such as station name text analogue programme type traffic flags used on real broadcasts","x":"FM broadcast radio (87.5 to 108 MHz in most of the world) carries stereo sound and RDS data such as the station name and radio text. FM broadcast radio (87.5 - 108 MHz), stereo and RDS Analogue radio: stereo and RDS (station name, radio text, programme type, traffic flags) Used and checked on real broadcasts."},{"u":"/modes/drm/","t":"DRM","c":"drm","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What DRM is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DRM More in Broadcast radio","w":"drm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast digital mondiale standard for long medium short wave near fm quality over large distances drm30 drm+ shortwave vhf audio station information journaline pages packet mode data service generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a digital radio standard for long, medium and short wave, with near-FM quality over large distances. DRM30 and DRM+ digital radio (shortwave, medium wave, VHF) Audio and station information; Journaline pages (packet mode data service) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/hd-radio/","t":"HD Radio","c":"hdradio","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What HD Radio is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HD Radio More in Broadcast radio","w":"hd radio what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast iboc adds digital sidebands to fm am broadcasts mainly united states nrsc of stations usa generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"HD Radio (IBOC) adds digital sidebands to FM and AM broadcasts, mainly in the United States. HD Radio (NRSC-5) digital sidebands of FM and AM stations (USA) HD Radio (NRSC-5) digital sidebands of FM and AM stations (USA) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/am-broadcast/","t":"AM broadcast","c":"ambroadcast","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What AM broadcast is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about AM broadcast More in Broadcast radio","w":"am broadcast what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in mw sw medium wave shortwave amss stereo synchronous 531 1602 khz on general receiver presets generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"am broadcast mw sw medium wave shortwave amss am-stereo synchronous 531 1602 9 khz 5 khz AM broadcast on medium wave and shortwave (the general receiver in AM, with MW and SW presets). AM broadcast on medium wave and shortwave (the general receiver in AM, with MW and SW presets) AM broadcast on medium wave and shortwave (the general receiver in AM, with MW and SW presets) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/am-stereo-c-quam/","t":"AM stereo (C-QUAM)","c":"amstereocquam","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What AM stereo (C-QUAM) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about AM stereo (C-QUAM) More in Broadcast radio","w":"am stereo quam what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast cquam motorola medium wave mw pilot 25 hz kahn harris magnavox on found left right from phase of carrier mono indicator audio sound card plain stations play as generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"cquam c-quam am stereo am-stereo motorola medium wave mw pilot 25 hz kahn harris magnavox AM stereo, C-QUAM (Motorola) on medium wave: the 25 Hz pilot found, left and right from the phase of the carrier, a stereo / mono indicator and the audio on the sound card; plain AM stations play as mono. AM stereo, C-QUAM (Motorola) on medium wave: the 25 Hz pilot found, left and right from the phase of the carrier, a stereo / mono indicator and the audio on the sound card; plain AM stations play as mono AM stereo, C-QUAM (Mo"},{"u":"/modes/cdr/","t":"CDR","c":"cdr","s":"Mode reference: Broadcast radio","h":"What CDR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about CDR More in Broadcast radio","w":"cdr what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in broadcast china digital gy 268 an ofdm standard that sits fm band 87 to 108 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"CDR (China Digital Radio, GY/T 268) is an OFDM digital radio standard that sits in the FM band (about 87 to 108 MHz). CDR (China Digital Radio) OFDM digital radio in the FM band CDR (China Digital Radio) OFDM digital radio in the FM band Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ads-b/","t":"ADS-B","c":"adsb","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What ADS-B is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ADS-B More in Aviation","w":"ads what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation transponder broadcast aircraft use to announce their identity position altitude speed on 1090 mhz deliberately open why flight trackers can show planes map mode callsign units switch between kt ft nm min metric km or table details labels csv export sbs feeds stay generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ADS-B is the transponder broadcast aircraft use to announce their identity, position, altitude and speed on 1090 MHz. It is deliberately open, which is why flight trackers can show planes on a map. ADS-B / Mode S: aircraft on 1090 MHz Aircraft on a map, with altitude, speed and callsign; units switch between aviation (kt, ft, nm, ft/min) and metric (km/h or m/s, m, km, m/s) in the table, details, map labels and CSV export (SBS and feeds stay in aviation units) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordi"},{"u":"/modes/mode-s-uplink/","t":"Mode S uplink","c":"modesuplink","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What Mode S uplink is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Mode S uplink More in Aviation","w":"mode uplink what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation 1030 interrogation interrogator radar ssr all call roll tcas acas uf11 comm bds sidelobe on mhz secondary radars collision avoidance systems interrogate aircraft transponders decoding interrogations are around they ask for of intermode uf0 to uf24 needs msps codes rotation periods registers asked coordination generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"mode s uplink 1030 interrogation interrogator radar ssr all-call roll-call tcas acas uf11 comm-b bds sidelobe On 1030 MHz, secondary radars and collision-avoidance systems interrogate aircraft transponders. Decoding the interrogations shows which radars are around and what they ask for. Mode S uplink: the 1030 MHz interrogations of radars and ACAS (Mode A/C, intermode, UF0 to UF24); needs 8 Msps Interrogator codes and rotation periods, aircraft and the registers asked for, TCAS coordination Checked with generated s"},{"u":"/modes/mode-a-c/","t":"Mode A/C","c":"modeac","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What Mode A/C is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Mode A/C More in Aviation","w":"mode what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation modeac squawk transponder altitude gillham secondary radar ssr spi ident 7700 7600 7500 1200 1090 aircraft adsb replies on mhz four octal digits 100 ft steps of that answer pulse shown beside same capture ads map matched to them by or needs as msps recommended generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"mode a mode c modeac squawk transponder altitude gillham secondary radar ssr spi ident 7700 7600 7500 1200 1090 aircraft adsb Mode A / C transponder replies on 1090 MHz: the squawk (Mode A, four octal digits) and the altitude (Mode C, 100 ft steps) of aircraft that answer secondary radar, with the ident pulse, shown beside the Mode S aircraft of the same capture on the ADS-B map and matched to them by squawk or altitude. Needs the same radio as ADS-B (2 Msps or more, 4 Msps recommended). Mode A / C transponder repl"},{"u":"/modes/acars/","t":"ACARS","c":"acars","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What ACARS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ACARS More in Aviation","w":"acars what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation vhf data link between aircraft ground stations position reports weather requests maintenance messages short operational text on 25 khz channels around 131 mhz positions map generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ACARS is the VHF data link between aircraft and ground stations: position reports, weather requests, maintenance messages and short operational text, on 25 kHz channels around 131 MHz. ACARS aircraft data link messages around 131 MHz Messages, and positions on a map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/vdl2/","t":"VDL2","c":"vdl2","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What VDL2 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about VDL2 More in Aviation","w":"vdl2 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation vdl avlc acars atn cpdlc ads 25 clnp datalink mode modern vhf data link between aircraft ground carrying over frames or on channels near 136 to 137 mhz 725 975 every channel at once frame of session kept its utc date time can be saved as csv json text receive bandwidth automatic set up under advanced stations positions map generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"vdl vdl2 avlc acars atn cpdlc ads-c x.25 clnp datalink VDL Mode 2 is the modern VHF data link between aircraft and ground, carrying ACARS over AVLC frames (and ADS-C or CPDLC) on channels near 136.7 to 137 MHz. VDL Mode 2: the aircraft data link on 136.725 to 136.975 MHz, every channel at once. Every frame of the session is kept with its UTC date and time and can be saved as CSV, JSON or text; the receive bandwidth is automatic, or set up to 2 MHz under Advanced Every VDL2 channel at once: ACARS, X.25 / CLNP, ADS-C"},{"u":"/modes/vdl4/","t":"VDL4","c":"vdl4","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What VDL4 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about VDL4 More in Aviation","w":"vdl4 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation vdl stdma gfsk sync burst dls cpr ads datalink mode data link on 118 to 137 mhz synthetic spec receive only generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"vdl vdl4 stdma gfsk sync burst dls cpr ads-b datalink VDL Mode 4: STDMA GFSK data link on 118 to 137 MHz (synthetic + spec; receive only). VDL Mode 4: STDMA GFSK data link on 118 to 137 MHz (synthetic + spec; receive only) VDL Mode 4: STDMA GFSK data link on 118 to 137 MHz (synthetic + spec; receive only) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/hfdl/","t":"HFDL","c":"hfdl","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What HFDL is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HFDL More in Aviation","w":"hfdl what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation hf data link acars aircraft arinc 635 squitter oceanic that gives on polar routes connection to ground stations when vhf out of range 22 mhz every channel band at once squitters positions map real off air bursts decode release","x":"hfdl hf data link acars aircraft arinc 635 squitter oceanic HFDL is the HF data link that gives aircraft on oceanic and polar routes a data connection to ground stations when VHF is out of range. HFDL: the HF aircraft data link (ARINC 635), 3 to 22 MHz, every channel in the band at once Squitters and ground stations, ACARS, positions on a map; every channel in the band at once Real off-air bursts decode (release 0.2.4)."},{"u":"/modes/airband/","t":"Airband","c":"airband","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What Airband is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Airband More in Aviation","w":"airband what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation civil am voice between 118 137 mhz 25 khz 33 channel spacing used for air traffic control airline operations to several channels at once squelch scan priority activity log generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"The civil airband is AM voice between 118 and 137 MHz, with 25 kHz and 8.33 kHz channel spacing, used for air traffic control and airline operations. Airband AM voice, 118 to 137 MHz: several 25 and 8.33 kHz channels at once Several 25 and 8.33 kHz channels at once: squelch, scan, priority, activity log Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/vor/","t":"VOR","c":"vor","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What VOR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about VOR More in Aviation","w":"vor what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation dvor navaid radial bearing beacon navigation beacons 108 to 118 mhz give aircraft or from ground station identified by morse code ident identification position two stations conventional doppler voice on map generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"vor dvor navaid radial bearing beacon navigation VOR beacons (108 to 118 MHz) give aircraft a bearing to or from a ground station, identified by a Morse code ident. VOR navigation beacons, 108 to 118 MHz: the radial, the identification and a position from two stations The radial (conventional and Doppler VOR), Morse identification, voice; a position from two stations on the map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ils/","t":"ILS","c":"ils","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What ILS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ILS More in Aviation","w":"ils what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation localizer glideslope glide slope marker approach landing instrument system guides aircraft down to runway beacons guidance 108 10 111 95 mhz 329 335 on 75 needles ddm identification generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ils localizer glideslope glide slope marker approach landing The Instrument Landing System guides aircraft down to the runway with a localizer, a glide slope and marker beacons. ILS approach guidance: localizer 108.10 - 111.95 MHz, glide slope 329 - 335 MHz, marker beacons on 75 MHz Localizer and glide slope needles (DDM), marker beacons, identification Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ndb/","t":"NDB","c":"ndb","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What NDB is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NDB More in Aviation","w":"ndb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation non directional beacon navaid morse ident long wave lw lf band 190 535 khz 400 hz 1020 locator beacons are usually between some sit higher used for navigation each sends its identification code at words per minute on of an aeronautical keyed or tone carrier wpm receive only not hf list generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ndb non-directional beacon navaid morse ident long wave lw lf beacon band 190 535 khz 400 hz 1020 hz locator Non-directional beacons are long-wave radio beacons, usually between 190 and 535 kHz (some sit higher), used for navigation. Each sends its identification in Morse code at about 7 words per minute. NDB (non-directional beacon) on long wave, 190-535 kHz: the Morse ident of an aeronautical beacon (a keyed 400 Hz or 1020 Hz tone, or a keyed carrier, about 7 WPM). Receive only. Not the HF beacon list NDB (non-di"},{"u":"/modes/drone-remote-id/","t":"Drone Remote ID","c":"droneremoteid","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What Drone Remote ID is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Drone Remote ID More in Aviation","w":"drone remote id what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation rid uas uav open opendroneid astm f3411 en 4709 asd stan dji operator serial bluetooth wifi beacon ghz faa easa 002 broadcast many drones are required to send their position location over le or wi fi on advertising beacons at once number session ua type height speed track table map receive only public meant for anyone read nothing transmitted altitude self last seen each linked its ble long range nan not heard generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"drone remote id rid uas uav open drone id opendroneid astm f3411 en 4709 asd-stan dji operator serial bluetooth wifi beacon 2.4 ghz faa easa Drone Remote ID (ASTM F3411 and ASD-STAN EN 4709-002) is the broadcast many drones are required to send, with their ID, position and operator location, over Bluetooth LE or Wi-Fi. Drone Remote ID (ASTM F3411 / ASD-STAN EN 4709-002 Open Drone ID) on 2.4 GHz: Bluetooth LE advertising and Wi-Fi beacons at once; serial number or session ID, UA type, position, height, speed and tra"},{"u":"/modes/ais/","t":"AIS","c":"ais","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What AIS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about AIS More in Maritime","w":"ais what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime transponder system on ships identity position course speed two vhf channels near 162 mhz ship transponders 161 975 025 map generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"AIS is the transponder system on ships: identity, position, course and speed on two VHF channels near 162 MHz. AIS ship transponders on 161.975 and 162.025 MHz Ships on a map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/vdes/","t":"VDES","c":"vdes","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What VDES is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about VDES More in Maritime","w":"vdes what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime vde ter asm 2092 vhf data exchange 157 161 975 162 025 pi qpsk 8psk 16qam ais successor extension of adding terrestrial satellite channels band system itu messages on mhz decoded gmsk kbit framing crc like frames show their position map tab as aivdm sentences over udp for chart program feed bursts detected bandwidth level modulation class not 16 payload hex logged 25 50 100 khz content generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"vdes vde-ter vde ter asm m.2092 maritime vhf data exchange 157.2 161.8 161.975 162.025 pi/4-qpsk 8psk 16qam ais VDES is the successor and extension of AIS, adding terrestrial and satellite data channels in the maritime VHF band. VDES (VHF Data Exchange System, ITU-R M.2092): ASM messages on 161.975 / 162.025 MHz decoded (GMSK 9.6 kbit/s, AIS framing, CRC checked); AIS-like frames show their position, on the Map tab and as !AIVDM sentences over UDP for a chart program (the AIS data feed); VDE-TER bursts on the 157.2"},{"u":"/modes/navtex/","t":"NAVTEX","c":"navtex","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What NAVTEX is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NAVTEX More in Maritime","w":"navtex what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime marine sitor safety information service navigational warnings weather broadcast as text mainly on 518 khz to ships messages distress calling fax pictures generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"navtex marine sitor NAVTEX is the maritime safety information service: navigational warnings and weather broadcast as text, mainly on 518 kHz. NAVTEX navigational and weather warnings to ships, 518 kHz (SITOR-B) Safety messages, distress and calling, fax pictures Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/dsc/","t":"DSC","c":"dsc","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What DSC is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DSC More in Maritime","w":"dsc what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime marine distress digital selective calling system on vhf hf short burst that alerts addresses ships coast stations calls mf channel 70 safety messages fax pictures generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"dsc marine distress Digital Selective Calling is the maritime distress and calling system on VHF and HF: a short digital burst that alerts and addresses ships and coast stations. DSC digital selective calling: distress alerts and calls, MF/HF and VHF channel 70 Safety messages, distress and calling, fax pictures Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/weather-fax/","t":"Weather fax","c":"weatherfax","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What Weather fax is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Weather fax More in Maritime","w":"weather fax what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime wefax radiofax hf marine stations broadcast charts satellite pictures as slow analogue signals mostly for ships on upper sideband safety messages distress calling generated impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"wefax weather fax radiofax hf fax marine HF weather fax stations broadcast weather charts and satellite pictures as slow analogue fax signals, mostly for ships. HF weather fax (radiofax): weather charts for ships on upper sideband Safety messages, distress and calling, fax pictures Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/marine-vhf/","t":"Marine VHF","c":"marinevhf","s":"Mode reference: Maritime","h":"What Marine VHF is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Marine VHF More in Maritime","w":"marine vhf what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in maritime channel 16 70 voice fm ship coast guard bridge to sar 156 157 160 161 162 mhz ais dsc usa canada baltic ch channels 88 at narrow squelch picker names uses distress 13 up down scan priority watch on every of span once an activity list call log recording per generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"marine vhf channel 16 channel 70 voice fm ship coast guard bridge to bridge sar 156 157 160 161 162 mhz ais dsc a b usa canada baltic ch Marine VHF voice, channels 1 to 88 at 156 to 162 MHz: narrow FM with squelch, a channel picker with names and uses (16 distress, 70 DSC, 13 bridge to bridge ...), up / down, scan with a priority watch on 16, every channel of the span at once with an activity list, a call log and a recording per channel. Marine VHF voice, channels 1 to 88 at 156 to 162 MHz: narrow FM with squelch, "},{"u":"/modes/gnss/","t":"GNSS","c":"gnss","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What GNSS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about GNSS More in Satellite & navigation","w":"gnss what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation satellites gps galileo glonass beidou broadcast signals from receiver works out position time around 1575 mhz needs an active antenna clock tab utc leap seconds pending one computer offset against accuracy limited by usb sdr latency 30 ms level n0 history same sync section optional ntp server as mode generated impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"GNSS satellites (GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou) broadcast signals from which a receiver works out position and time. GNSS satellites (GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo) around 1575 MHz, needs an active antenna Satellites, position and time; Clock tab: UTC and GPS time, leap seconds (and a pending one), the computer clock offset against the satellites (accuracy limited by USB / SDR latency, 5 - 30 ms), level, C/N0 and offset history, the same *Sync computer clock* section and optional NTP server as the Time signals mode"},{"u":"/modes/dgps-beacon-wip/","t":"DGPS beacon (WIP)","c":"dgpsbeaconwip","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What DGPS beacon (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DGPS beacon (WIP) More in Satellite & navigation","w":"dgps beacon wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation differential gps rtcm sc 104 msk 300 khz 200 bit beacons 283 325 at carrying corrections work progress station id carrier offset level frame count message types seen receive only generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"dgps beacon differential gps rtcm sc-104 msk 300 khz 200 bit wip DGPS differential beacons, 283.5 - 325 kHz: MSK at 200 bit/s carrying RTCM SC-104 corrections. Work in progress: the station ID, carrier offset, level, frame count and the message types seen (receive only). DGPS differential beacons, 283.5 - 325 kHz: MSK at 200 bit/s carrying RTCM SC-104 corrections. Work in progress: the station ID, carrier offset, level, frame count and the message types seen (receive only) DGPS differential beacons, 283.5 - 325 kHz"},{"u":"/modes/inmarsat-c/","t":"Inmarsat-C","c":"inmarsatc","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Inmarsat-C is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Inmarsat-C More in Satellite & navigation","w":"inmarsat what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation maritime messaging system its broadcasts carry safety information safetynet messages egc news near 1537 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"Inmarsat-C is a maritime satellite messaging system. Its broadcasts carry safety information (SafetyNET) and system messages. Inmarsat-C satellite messages (EGC safety and news broadcasts) near 1537.7 MHz Safety messages (SafetyNET) and system information Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/inmarsat-aero/","t":"Inmarsat Aero","c":"inmarsataero","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Inmarsat Aero is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Inmarsat Aero More in Satellite & navigation","w":"inmarsat aero what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation channels are band data link of aircraft swiftbroadband older at 600 1200 bit near 1545 mhz 10500 1546 messages positions on map generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"Inmarsat Aero channels are the L-band satellite data link of aircraft (SwiftBroadband and the older Aero C/P channels). Inmarsat Aero satellite data link: P channels at 600 and 1200 bit/s near 1545 MHz, and 10500 bit/s near 1546 MHz Messages, and positions on a map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/iridium/","t":"Iridium","c":"iridium","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Iridium is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Iridium More in Satellite & navigation","w":"iridium what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation constellation of 66 low orbit satellites for phones data its band downlink near 1626 mhz carries pager messages ring alerts signalling bursts around 1622 on map generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"Iridium is a constellation of 66 low-orbit satellites for satellite phones and data. Its L-band downlink near 1626 MHz carries pager messages, ring alerts and signalling. Iridium satellite bursts around 1622 MHz Satellites on a map, pager messages, ring alerts Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/meteor-m-lrpt/","t":"Meteor-M LRPT","c":"meteormlrpt","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Meteor-M LRPT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Meteor-M LRPT More in Satellite & navigation","w":"meteor lrpt what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation m2 n2 msu mr weather picture image 137 mhz oqpsk qpsk apt noaa cloud russian series its downlink on sends live pictures that can receive small antenna during each pass or 72 80 ksym channels colour composite grow line by saved as png grows 123 day 125 at night save view passes starts aos follows doppler only against built test signal so far no off air recording yet real frames reed solomon release","x":"meteor meteor-m m2 n2-3 n2-4 lrpt msu-mr weather satellite picture image 137 mhz 137.1 137.9 oqpsk qpsk apt noaa cloud Meteor-M is a Russian weather satellite series. Its LRPT downlink on 137 MHz sends live weather pictures that you can receive with a small antenna during each pass. Meteor-M N2-3 / N2-4 weather pictures on 137.1 / 137.9 MHz (LRPT: OQPSK or QPSK, 72 or 80 ksym/s): the MSU-MR channels and a colour composite grow line by line during the pass, saved as PNG The picture grows line by line during the pass"},{"u":"/modes/goes-hrit/","t":"GOES HRIT","c":"goeshrit","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What GOES HRIT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about GOES HRIT More in Satellite & navigation","w":"goes hrit what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation 16 18 19 lrit emwin full disk mesoscale abi weather geostationary image 1694 band dish lna noaa satellites broadcast regional pictures plus text products on mhz bpsk 927 ksym viterbi reed solomon ccsds packets files images rice plain or jpeg grow as their lines arrive admin messages saved to folder needs grid an at feed product list conus relayed viewer that grows zip unpacked everything antenna filter generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"goes goes-16 goes-18 goes-19 goes-r hrit lrit emwin full disk mesoscale abi weather satellite geostationary image 1694 1694.1 l-band dish lna noaa GOES geostationary weather satellites broadcast full-disk and regional pictures, plus text products, on 1694.1 MHz (HRIT / LRIT). GOES-16 / 18 / 19 HRIT on 1694.1 MHz (BPSK 927 ksym/s, Viterbi, Reed-Solomon, CCSDS packets, LRIT files): full disk and mesoscale images (Rice, plain or JPEG) grow as their lines arrive, EMWIN weather text and admin messages, saved to a folder"},{"u":"/modes/elektro-l/","t":"Elektro-L","c":"elektrol","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Elektro-L is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Elektro-L More in Satellite & navigation","w":"elektro what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation elektrol n3 n4 n5 roscosmos hrit lrit ggak 1691 1693 band weather geostationary dish lna are russian satellites receives their images around mhz same chain as goes space telemetry at on bpsk viterbi reed solomon ccsds xrit product path pcm pm ksym pick spacecraft link needs an receive only list image viewer for frame log feed generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"elektro elektro-l elektrol n3 n4 n5 roscosmos hrit lrit ggak 1691 1693 l-band weather satellite geostationary dish lna Elektro-L N3, N4 and N5 are Russian geostationary weather satellites. OnAir receives their L-band HRIT / LRIT images around 1691 MHz with the same chain as GOES, and the GGAK space-weather telemetry at 1693 MHz. Elektro-L N3 / N4 / N5 L-band weather: HRIT and LRIT on 1691 MHz (BPSK, Viterbi, Reed-Solomon, CCSDS / xRIT, the same product path as GOES) and GGAK space-weather PCM/PM on 1693 MHz at 5 ks"},{"u":"/modes/cospas-sarsat-406-mhz/","t":"COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz","c":"cospassarsat406mhz","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz More in Satellite & navigation","w":"cospas sarsat 406 mhz what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation 025 028 037 040 076 epirb elt plb beacon distress emergency sos hex id mid mmsi 121 homing 001 mcc lut search rescue sar maritime aviation personal locator beacons on 400 bit manchester phase modulation burst of half second every 50 seconds 15 protocol country identification serial aircraft address position when sends one both bch checks flag map receive only generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"sarsat cospas-sarsat cospas sarsat 406 406.025 406.028 406.037 406.040 406.076 epirb elt plb beacon distress emergency sos hex id mid mmsi 121.5 homing t.001 mcc lut search and rescue sar maritime aviation personal locator COSPAS-SARSAT 406 MHz distress beacons (EPIRB, ELT, PLB) on 406.025 - 406.076 MHz: 400 bit/s Manchester phase modulation, a burst of half a second about every 50 seconds. The 15 hex ID, the protocol, the country, the identification (MMSI, serial, aircraft address) and the position when the beacon"},{"u":"/modes/argos/","t":"Argos","c":"argos","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Argos is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Argos More in Satellite & navigation","w":"argos what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation kineis cls cnes ptt pmt a2 a3 401 65 650 465 9875 466 metop saral dcs data collection animal tracking drifter buoy float doppler location platform transmitter terminal manchester receive only uplink on mhz 618 680 bursts 160 ms carrier then 400 bit phase modulation of rad decoded to 28 id user hex each burst as its drift curve ze are counted timed their specifications not public downlink from followed through pass compared predicted bits hdlc frames fcs frame contents generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"argos kineis cls cnes ptt pmt a2 a3 argos-2 argos-3 argos-4 401.65 401.650 465.9875 466 metop metop-b metop-c saral a-dcs dcs data collection animal tracking drifter buoy float doppler location platform transmitter terminal manchester Argos satellite data collection, receive only. Uplink on 401.650 MHz (401.618 - 401.680): PTT-A2 bursts (160 ms carrier, then 400 bit/s Manchester phase modulation of +-1.1 rad) decoded to the 28 bit platform ID and the user data in hex, with each platform's burst frequencies as its D"},{"u":"/modes/uat/","t":"UAT","c":"uat","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What UAT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about UAT More in Aviation","w":"uat what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation 978 uat978 ads fis tis do 282 universal access transceiver weather metar taf nexrad on mhz position identity reports text products traffic relay typical msps capture receive only generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"uat 978 uat978 ads-b fis-b tis-b do-282 universal access transceiver weather metar taf nexrad UAT on 978 MHz: ADS-B position and identity reports, FIS-B weather text products and TIS-B traffic relay (DO-282). Typical 1 Msps capture. Receive only. UAT on 978 MHz: ADS-B position and identity reports, FIS-B weather text products and TIS-B traffic relay (DO-282). Typical 1 Msps capture. Receive only UAT on 978 MHz: ADS-B position and identity reports, FIS-B weather text products and TIS-B traffic relay (DO-282). Typica"},{"u":"/modes/hrpt-ahrpt/","t":"HRPT / AHRPT","c":"hrptahrpt","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What HRPT / AHRPT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HRPT / AHRPT More in Weather & science","w":"hrpt ahrpt what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science metop avhrr fy fengyun noaa 15 18 19 satellite picture image 1701 1698 1707 1702 band dish lna qpsk bpsk manchester polar orbit are high resolution direct broadcast of satellites formerly carrying full data pictures near ghz 33 msym mhz channels growing line by frames counted only retired 665 kbit needs or tracking an at feed fast msps hackrf airspy sdrplay pluto not rtl sdr grows colour one five saved as png following generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"hrpt ahrpt metop metop-b metop-c avhrr fy-3 fengyun noaa noaa-15 noaa-18 noaa-19 weather satellite picture image 1701 1701.3 1698 1707 1702.5 l-band dish lna qpsk bpsk manchester polar orbit HRPT and AHRPT are the high-resolution direct broadcast of polar weather satellites (MetOp, FY-3, formerly NOAA), carrying the full AVHRR image data. HRPT / AHRPT weather satellite pictures near 1.7 GHz: MetOp-B / MetOp-C AHRPT (QPSK 2.33 Msym/s, 1701.3 MHz) with the AVHRR channels growing line by line, FY-3 AHRPT (about 2.8 Ms"},{"u":"/modes/orbcomm/","t":"Orbcomm","c":"orbcomm","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Orbcomm is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Orbcomm More in Satellite & navigation","w":"orbcomm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation orb sdpsk 137 mhz leo iot ephemeris doppler data network downlinks near used for tracking telemetry of assets subscriber 4800 bit two at once satellites their on map from packet log by type generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"orbcomm orb sdpsk 137 mhz leo satellite iot ephemeris doppler Orbcomm is a satellite data network with downlinks near 137 MHz, used for tracking and telemetry of assets. Orbcomm subscriber downlinks, 137.2 - 137.8 MHz: 4800 bit/s SDPSK, two downlinks at once, satellites and their ephemeris Two downlinks at once with Doppler tracking, satellites on the map from their ephemeris, packet log by type Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/qo-100/","t":"QO-100","c":"qo100","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What QO-100 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about QO-100 More in Satellite & navigation","w":"qo 100 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation qo100 eshail es hail oscar geostationary amateur lnb ku 10489 739 ssb datv beacon bullseye first covering africa europe middle east asia narrowband wideband transponder at 10 49 ghz 10500 mhz through lock corrects error drift listening hand over to dvb s2 cw beacons measure frequency khz ppm history correct every shown as high resolution spectrum waterfall usb carriers their symbol rates generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"qo100 qo-100 eshail es'hail-2 oscar 100 geostationary amateur satellite lnb ku 10489 739 ssb datv beacon bullseye QO-100 (Es'hail-2) is the first geostationary amateur radio satellite, covering Africa, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, with a narrowband and a wideband transponder at 10.49 GHz. QO-100 (Es'hail-2) geostationary amateur satellite, 10489.5 - 10500 MHz through a Ku LNB: beacon lock corrects the LNB's error and drift, narrowband SSB listening, wideband DATV hand-over to DVB-S/S2 Beacon lock: the CW beaco"},{"u":"/modes/flarm/","t":"FLARM","c":"flarm","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What FLARM is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FLARM More in Aviation","w":"flarm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation glider gliders soaring light aircraft collision avoidance ogn open network 868 sailplane broadcast of on mhz broadcasts europe received like does old protocol positions are decoded device id type altitude speed track climb shown table live map distance bearing from your receiver newer only counted receive that set no or stealth flag never saved level new without as openly flags respected such anonymous addresses logged exported privacy flagged needs position shared ads computer clock right packet key changes every 64 generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"flarm glider gliders soaring light aircraft collision avoidance ogn open glider network 868 868.2 868.4 sailplane FLARM is the collision-avoidance broadcast of gliders and light aircraft on 868 MHz. FLARM: glider and light-aircraft collision-avoidance broadcasts on 868.2 and 868.4 MHz (Europe), received like the Open Glider Network does. Old-protocol positions are decoded (device ID, type, altitude, speed, track, climb) and shown in a table and on the live map with distance and bearing from your receiver; the newer"},{"u":"/modes/dji-drones/","t":"DJI drones","c":"djidrones","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What DJI drones is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DJI drones More in Aviation","w":"dji drones what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation drone ocusync lightbridge droneid id mavic mini phantom inspire dronesecurity zadoff chu turbo ofdm ghz uav uas fpv video link hackrf pluto iqengine links use wideband on classifies bursts by shape can read broadcast of supported models this guess from signal never certain identification receive only burst trains are classified their like unknown width period duty cycle cyclic prefix correlation confidence clear note that roots 600 147 code crc 24 decoded to serial number position home point pilot as sent needs 16 msps or at 20 bladerf usrp encrypted generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"dji drone drones ocusync lightbridge droneid drone id mavic mini phantom inspire dronesecurity zadoff chu turbo ofdm 2.4 ghz 5.8 ghz uav uas fpv video link hackrf pluto iqengine DJI drone links use wideband OFDM on 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. OnAir classifies the bursts by shape and can read the DroneID broadcast of supported models; this is a guess from the signal, never a certain identification. DJI drones on 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, receive only: wideband OFDM burst trains are classified by their shape (OcuSync-like, Lightbridge-l"},{"u":"/modes/cubesat-telemetry/","t":"CubeSat telemetry","c":"cubesattelemetry","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What CubeSat telemetry is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about CubeSat telemetry More in Satellite & navigation","w":"cubesat telemetry what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation cube sat amateur ax 25 ax25 g3ruh 9600 afsk 1200 gmsk ax100 gomspace mode golay reed solomon ccsds csp satnogs kiss beacon 435 437 145 70 cm doppler many small satellites broadcast as or packets on their downlinks are open to anyone from 146 438 mhz at baud asm frames callsigns hex ascii dumps names an editable table out style tools pass planner starts frame log addresses corrections norad number frequency framing callsign through data feeds aos correction convolutional code ao 40 fec not decoded generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"cubesat cube sat satellite telemetry amateur ax.25 ax25 g3ruh 9600 afsk 1200 gmsk ax100 gomspace mode 5 mode 6 golay reed solomon ccsds csp satnogs kiss beacon 435 437 145.8 70 cm 2 m doppler Many small amateur satellites broadcast telemetry as AX.25, GOMspace or CCSDS packets on 2 m and 70 cm. Their downlinks are open to anyone with a radio. CubeSat telemetry from amateur satellites on 2 m / 70 cm (145.8 - 146 and 435 - 438 MHz): AX.25 at 1200 baud AFSK and 9600 baud G3RUH, GOMspace AX100 Mode 5 (ASM + Golay + Ree"},{"u":"/modes/globalstar/","t":"Globalstar","c":"globalstar","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What Globalstar is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Globalstar More in Satellite & navigation","w":"globalstar what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation gstar phone iot band 1610 1618 1626 cdma doppler occupancy activity spot network on its downlink spread encrypted so only monitors power terminal uplink mobile to mhz 2483 2500 not tuned monitor receive content decoded of 13 channels an event log pass overlay from planner tles per channel snr spectral centroid track against time satellites drawn over nothing or decryptable generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"globalstar gstar satellite phone iot l-band 1610 1618 1626 cdma doppler occupancy activity spot Globalstar is a satellite phone and IoT network on L band. Its downlink is spread and encrypted, so OnAir only monitors activity, power and Doppler. Globalstar L-band terminal uplink (mobile to satellite), 1610 - 1626.5 MHz; the satellite downlink is S-band 2483.5 - 2500 MHz and is not tuned. Activity monitor only (receive only, the spread and encrypted content is not decoded): power, occupancy and Doppler of the 13 CDMA"},{"u":"/modes/dmr/","t":"DMR","c":"dmr","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What DMR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DMR More in Two-way radio","w":"dmr what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way digital standard tdma 12 khz used by businesses public services amateurs slot voice data channel talkgroups ids no generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome through vocoder unverified on","x":"DMR is a digital two-way radio standard (TDMA, 12.5 kHz) used by businesses, public services and amateurs. DMR two-slot digital voice and data, 12.5 kHz channel Talkgroups, IDs and data (no voice) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome. Voice through the vocoder is unverified on real recordings."},{"u":"/modes/digital-voice-auto/","t":"Digital voice (auto)","c":"digitalvoiceauto","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What Digital voice (auto) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Digital voice (auto) More in Two-way radio","w":"digital voice auto what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way automatic detect dmr p25 nxdn dstar star dpmr fusion ysf tetra m17 system finds out on air phase yaesu or analogue fm from its frame syncs lists every one captured span switches to decoder generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"auto automatic detect digital voice dmr p25 nxdn dstar d-star dpmr fusion ysf tetra m17 which system Finds out which digital voice system is on the air (DMR, P25 phase 1 / 2, NXDN, D-STAR, dPMR, Yaesu Fusion, TETRA, M17, or analogue FM) from its frame syncs, lists every one in the captured span and switches to the decoder. Finds out which digital voice system is on the air (DMR, P25 phase 1 / 2, NXDN, D-STAR, dPMR, Yaesu Fusion, TETRA, M17, or analogue FM) from its frame syncs, lists every one in the captured span "},{"u":"/modes/nxdn/","t":"NXDN","c":"nxdn","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What NXDN is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NXDN More in Two-way radio","w":"nxdn what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way nxdn48 nxdn96 kenwood nexedge icom idas digital voice trunking ambe standard from used by businesses utilities 25 khz 12 conventional trunked call log unit ids talkgroups status short data messages site information through your mbelib real recordings decode fixed release","x":"nxdn nxdn48 nxdn96 kenwood nexedge icom idas digital voice two-way radio trunking ambe NXDN is a digital two-way radio standard from Icom and Kenwood used by businesses and utilities. NXDN digital two-way radio: NXDN48 (6.25 kHz) and NXDN96 (12.5 kHz), conventional and trunked Call log with unit IDs and talkgroups, status and short data messages, site information, voice through your mbelib Real NXDN96 recordings decode (fixed in release 0.2.4)."},{"u":"/modes/p25/","t":"P25","c":"p25","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What P25 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about P25 More in Two-way radio","w":"p25 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way apco project 25 tia 102 phase c4fm imbe public safety police fire ems trunking talkgroup control channel wacn nac op25 dsd digital standard of north america other regions conventional or trunked 12 khz channels calls talkgroups unit ids emergency flags system rfss site adjacent sites identifiers voice grants activity through your mbelib receive only encrypted are reported as nothing decrypted follow rules on where live generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"p25 apco project 25 tia-102 phase 1 c4fm imbe public safety police fire ems trunking talkgroup control channel wacn nac op25 dsd APCO Project 25 is the digital radio standard of public safety in North America and other regions, conventional or trunked. APCO Project 25 Phase 1 (TIA-102) digital two-way radio, C4FM, 12.5 kHz: conventional channels and trunked control channels Calls with talkgroups, unit IDs and emergency flags; trunking: WACN, system, NAC, RFSS / site, adjacent sites, channel identifiers, voice grant"},{"u":"/modes/p25-phase-2/","t":"P25 Phase 2","c":"p25phase2","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What P25 Phase 2 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about P25 Phase 2 More in Two-way radio","w":"p25 phase what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way p25p2 tdma dqpsk cpm tia 102 bbab ambe+2 half rate public safety police fire ems trunking talkgroup slot motorola apco project 25 time slots 6000 symbols differential qpsk 12 khz talkgroups unit ids voice grants system frame layout first reading of descriptions has not been tried on real signal receive only encrypted calls are reported emergency flags wacn nac rfss site adjacent sites channel identifiers activity through your mbelib as nothing decrypted follow rules where live generated signals impairments recordings welcome","x":"p25 phase 2 p25p2 tdma h-dqpsk h-cpm tia-102 bbab ambe+2 half rate public safety police fire ems trunking talkgroup slot motorola APCO Project 25 Phase 2 (TIA-102.BBAB) TDMA, two time slots, 6000 symbols/s differential QPSK in 12.5 kHz: talkgroups, unit IDs, voice grants and the trunking system. The frame layout is a first reading of public descriptions and has not been tried on a real signal (receive only; encrypted calls are only reported). APCO Project 25 Phase 2 (TIA-102.BBAB) TDMA, two time slots, 6000 symbols"},{"u":"/modes/dpmr-pmr446/","t":"dPMR / PMR446","c":"dpmrpmr446","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What dPMR / PMR446 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about dPMR / PMR446 More in Two-way radio","w":"dpmr pmr446 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way pmr 446 digital walkie talkie icom kenwood dpmr446 colour color code ambe are licence free analogue handheld services europe 16 channels near mhz etsi ts 102 490 25 khz to licensed bands call log own called ids codes status short messages packet data scan of all voice through your mbelib generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"dpmr pmr446 pmr 446 digital pmr walkie talkie icom kenwood dpmr446 two-way radio colour color code ambe dPMR and PMR446 are licence-free digital and analogue handheld radio services in Europe, 16 channels near 446 MHz. dPMR (ETSI TS 102 490) digital two-way radio, 6.25 kHz: PMR446 digital channels 1 to 16 (446.1 - 446.2 MHz) and the licensed bands Call log with own and called IDs and colour codes, status and short messages, packet data, scan of all 16 PMR446 channels, voice through your mbelib Checked with generate"},{"u":"/modes/tone-decoders-ctcss-dcs-dtmf-selcall/","t":"Tone decoders (CTCSS, DCS, DTMF, selcall)","c":"tonedecodersctcssdcsdtmfselcall","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What Tone decoders (CTCSS, DCS, DTMF, selcall) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Tone decoders (CTCSS, DCS, DTMF, selcall) More in Two-way radio","w":"tone decoders ctcss dcs dtmf selcall what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way tones pl dpl digital coded squelch touch zvei zvei1 zvei2 ccir eea eia dzvei five selective calling selcal aviation paging quick call sub audible subaudible golay signalling on narrow fm audio or sound card 50 measured frequency codes 23 bit word normal inverted 83 code list keys sequential calls pairs generic detector live spectrum display history of everything heard style gate that opens only for chosen receive generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"tone tones ctcss pl tone dcs dpl digital coded squelch dtmf touch tone zvei zvei1 zvei2 ccir eea eia dzvei five tone 5 tone selcall selective calling selcal aviation two tone paging quick call squelch sub audible subaudible golay Signalling tones on narrow-FM audio or sound-card audio: CTCSS sub-audible tones (50 tones with the measured frequency), DCS codes (23 bit Golay word, normal and inverted, with the 83-code list), DTMF keys, five-tone sequential calls (ZVEI1, ZVEI2, CCIR, EEA, EIA, DZVEI), aviation SELCAL p"},{"u":"/modes/tetra/","t":"TETRA","c":"tetra","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What TETRA is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about TETRA More in Two-way radio","w":"tetra what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way trunked emergency services police pmr mcc mnc colour color code bsch bnch sysinfo base station network info digital standard used by organisations many countries stations etsi en 300 392 location area carriers neighbour cells whether encryption receive only public broadcast nothing decrypted bandwidth automatic or set up to mhz under advanced duplex spacing scan over span generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"tetra trunked radio emergency services police pmr mcc mnc colour color code bsch bnch sysinfo base station network info TETRA is the digital trunked radio standard used by emergency services and organisations in many countries. TETRA base stations (ETSI EN 300 392): network code, colour code, location area, carriers, neighbour cells, services and whether encryption is used (receive only, public broadcast, nothing decrypted). The receive bandwidth is automatic, or set up to 2 MHz under Advanced Network code, colour "},{"u":"/modes/tetrapol/","t":"TETRAPOL","c":"tetrapol","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What TETRAPOL is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about TETRAPOL More in Two-way radio","w":"tetrapol what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way tetra pol pas 0001 gmsk kbit control channel traffic voice rp celp polarity system info police france uhf vhf digital trunked its own air interface 10 12 khz channels different from network information broadcasts not on found automatically gives country cell location area scramble clear calls play through your codec plug encrypted are never decoded receive bandwidth automatic or set up to mhz under advanced only no nothing decrypted generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"tetrapol tetra-pol pas 0001 gmsk 8 kbit control channel traffic channel voice rp-celp polarity system info police france uhf vhf TETRAPOL is a digital trunked radio system with its own air interface (GMSK, 8 kbit/s, 10 / 12.5 kHz channels, PAS 0001-2), different from TETRA. OnAir shows the network information the control channel broadcasts. TETRAPOL (not TETRA), GMSK 8 kbit/s on 10 / 12.5 kHz channels (PAS 0001-2), polarity found automatically: D_SYSTEM_INFO gives country, system, cell, location area and scramble; "},{"u":"/modes/mpt1327-trunking-wip/","t":"MPT1327 trunking (WIP)","c":"mpt1327trunkingwip","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What MPT1327 trunking (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MPT1327 trunking (WIP) More in Two-way radio","w":"mpt1327 trunking wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way mpt 1327 mpt1343 trunked analog ffsk 1200 control channel aloha gtc ccsc tsc uk pmr channels 1343 vhf uhf bit on fm work progress lock codewords received good bad system identity list of messages time type caller called address number table only no traffic audio decoded nothing encrypted receive generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"mpt1327 mpt 1327 mpt1343 trunking trunked analog ffsk 1200 control channel aloha gtc ccsc tsc uk pmr wip MPT 1327 analog trunking control channels (UK MPT 1327 / MPT 1343, VHF and UHF): 1200 bit/s FFSK on the FM control channel. Work in progress: lock, the codewords received good and bad, the system identity, a list of the control messages (time, type, caller and called address, channel number) and the channel table. Control channel only: no traffic channel audio is decoded and nothing encrypted is…. MPT 1327 analo"},{"u":"/modes/ltr-trunking-wip/","t":"LTR trunking (WIP)","c":"ltrtrunkingwip","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What LTR trunking (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LTR trunking (WIP) More in Two-way radio","w":"ltr trunking wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way logic trunked subaudible 300 baud repeater talkgroup control data bit words on channel area go to home id free work progress only no voice check bits are shown but not verified receive generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ltr logic trunked radio trunking subaudible 300 baud repeater talkgroup wip LTR (Logic Trunked Radio) control data: the 300 bit/s subaudible words on a repeater channel (area, go-to, home, ID, free repeater). Work in progress: control data only, no voice; the check bits are shown but not verified (receive only). LTR (Logic Trunked Radio) control data: the 300 bit/s subaudible words on a repeater channel (area, go-to, home, ID, free repeater). Work in progress: control data only, no voice; the check bits are shown b"},{"u":"/modes/edacs-trunking-wip/","t":"EDACS trunking (WIP)","c":"edacstrunkingwip","s":"Mode reference: Two-way radio","h":"What EDACS trunking (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about EDACS trunking (WIP) More in Two-way radio","w":"edacs trunking wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in two way control channel 9600 gfsk ge harris com bit outbound frames framed by dotting three copies voted calls talkgroups site read under an assumed message layout not established from public sources raw words stay shown power scan of voice channels frequency table enter following analog wide capture no provoice digital decoding nothing encrypted receive only generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"edacs trunking control channel 9600 gfsk ge harris m/a-com wip EDACS control channel, 9600 bit/s GFSK: the outbound frames framed by the dotting, three copies voted, with calls, talkgroups and site read under an ASSUMED message layout (not established from public sources; the raw words stay shown), a power scan of the voice channels of a frequency table you enter, and following of an analog voice channel in a wide capture. No ProVoice (digital voice)…. EDACS control channel, 9600 bit/s GFSK: the outbound frames fra"},{"u":"/modes/cell-towers/","t":"Cell towers","c":"celltowers","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What Cell towers is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Cell towers More in Cellular & rail","w":"cell towers what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail tower lte 4g enb earfcn pci operator base stations broadcast system information band identity that any receiver can read public part of signal cells around sector tac neighbours receive only scan generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"cell tower lte 4g enb earfcn pci operator LTE base stations broadcast system information (operator, band, cell identity) that any receiver can read. It is the public part of the signal. LTE cells around you: operator, band, EARFCN, PCI, eNB and sector, TAC, neighbours (receive only, public broadcast) Operator, band, EARFCN, PCI, eNB / sector, TAC, neighbours, band scan; receive only Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/5g-nr-cells/","t":"5G NR cells","c":"5gnrcells","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What 5G NR cells is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about 5G NR cells More in Cellular & rail","w":"5g nr cells what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail new gnb cell tower ssb pss sss pbch mib gscn pci beam n78 n77 n28 n20 ghz sa nsa broadcast synchronisation master information blocks ss that identify reads public only around from their on sync raster of n1 n3 n7 n8 n38 n40 n41 index rsrp rsrq sinr sfn subcarrier spacing coreset barred receive beams heard carrier offset polar coded common dmrs type position search space sib1 intra frequency reselection operator tac id not decoded yet so map stays empty generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"5g nr new radio gnb cell tower ssb pss sss pbch mib gscn pci beam n78 n77 n28 n20 3.5 ghz sa nsa 5G NR cells broadcast synchronisation and master information blocks (SS/PBCH) that identify the cell. OnAir reads that public broadcast only. 5G NR cells around you from their SS/PBCH blocks on the sync raster (GSCN) of n1, n3, n7, n8, n20, n28, n38, n40, n41, n77, n78: PCI, SSB index / beam, SS-RSRP / RSRQ / SINR, MIB (SFN, subcarrier spacing, k_SSB, CORESET#0, barred) (receive only, public broadcast) PCI (PSS / SSS), "},{"u":"/modes/nb-iot-cells/","t":"NB-IoT cells","c":"nbiotcells","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What NB-IoT cells is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NB-IoT cells More in Cellular & rail","w":"nb iot cells what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail nbiot narrowband lte npss nsss npbch mib sib1 pci operator tac band 20 800 900 1800 mhz 4g are carriers for devices lists around from each one broadcasts clear such as its physical cell id operating mode 180 khz guard or standalone their antenna ports sfn mcc mnc tracking area identity level scan over 100 raster receive only public broadcast nothing addressed to device decoded nrs system frame number enb sector barring snr carrier clock offset table of signal results saved between runs paging npdcch data identities never channels networks legal many places but not everywhere decoding anything phone allowed most check rules where live generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"nb-iot nbiot narrowband iot lte-m cellular iot npss nsss npbch mib-nb sib1-nb pci operator tac band 20 8 3 800 900 1800 mhz 4g NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) cells are LTE carriers for IoT devices. OnAir lists the cells around you from what each one broadcasts in the clear, such as its physical cell id and operating mode. LTE NB-IoT cells around you (180 kHz carriers, in-band, guard band or standalone) from their NPSS / NSSS, NPBCH (MIB-NB) and SIB1-NB: PCI, operating mode, antenna ports, SFN, operator (MCC / MNC), tracki"},{"u":"/modes/gsm-r/","t":"GSM-R","c":"gsmr","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What GSM-R is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about GSM-R More in Cellular & rail","w":"gsm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail gsmr railway train bcch arfcn bsic lac etcs version of around 921 to 925 mhz europe used for control communication base stations cell identity location area operator channel lists receive only public broadcast code band scan generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"gsm-r gsmr gsm railway train rail bcch arfcn bsic lac etcs GSM-R is the railway version of GSM, around 921 to 925 MHz in Europe, used for train control and communication. Railway GSM base stations (GSM-R, 921 - 925 MHz): cell identity, location area, operator, channel lists (receive only, public broadcast) Base stations: ARFCN, BSIC, cell identity, location area, operator code, channel lists; band scan; receive only Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/lbj/","t":"LBJ","c":"lbj","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What LBJ is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LBJ More in Cellular & rail","w":"lbj what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail chinese railway train warning 821 2375 cr locomotive km marker kilometre broadcast fm on uhf channel mhz carrying 1200 bit fsk frames number data proximity voice for id direction speed receive only generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"lbj chinese railway train warning 821 821.2375 cr-lbj locomotive km marker kilometre 列车接近预警 LBJ is the Chinese railway train broadcast: FM on a UHF warning channel (about 821.2375 MHz) carrying 1200 bit/s FSK frames with a train number, a kilometre marker and locomotive data. LBJ (Chinese railway train proximity warning) on about 821.2375 MHz: FM voice channel with 1200 bit/s FSK data for train number, kilometre marker, locomotive ID, direction and speed (receive only) LBJ (Chinese railway train proximity warning) "},{"u":"/modes/pocsag/","t":"POCSAG","c":"pocsag","s":"Mode reference: Pagers","h":"What POCSAG is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about POCSAG More in Pagers","w":"pocsag what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in pagers pager paging long standing protocol 512 1200 2400 baud still used by hospitals fire services utilities messages bd on 25 khz channel generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"pocsag pager paging POCSAG is the long-standing pager protocol (512, 1200 and 2400 baud) still used by hospitals, fire services and utilities. POCSAG paging messages (512, 1200 and 2400 bd) on a 25 kHz channel POCSAG paging messages (512, 1200 and 2400 bd) on a 25 kHz channel Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/flex/","t":"FLEX","c":"flex","s":"Mode reference: Pagers","h":"What FLEX is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FLEX More in Pagers","w":"flex what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in pagers pager paging faster protocol from motorola 1600 to 6400 bit used alongside pocsag messages 3200 on 25 khz channel generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"flex pager paging FLEX is a faster pager protocol from Motorola (1600 to 6400 bit/s) used alongside POCSAG. FLEX paging messages (1600, 3200 and 6400 bit/s) on a 25 kHz channel FLEX paging messages (1600, 3200 and 6400 bit/s) on a 25 kHz channel Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ism-sensors/","t":"ISM sensors","c":"ismsensors","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What ISM sensors is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ISM sensors More in IoT & sensors","w":"ism sensors what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot rtl 433 weather station thermometer tpms tyre tire remote doorbell energy meter bus 868 915 wave zwave home automation stations pressure controls meters transmit short packets on mhz that software defined can read everyday 315 345 92 devices remotes water passive s0 s2 stay encrypted wireless header r1 r2 r3 itu 9959 ids nodes command classes receive only traffic stays never decrypted device table history view grouped by id live log unknown signals their pulses generated impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"rtl_433 weather station thermometer tpms tyre tire remote doorbell energy meter m-bus 433 868 915 z-wave zwave home automation Weather stations, tyre pressure sensors, remote controls and meters transmit short packets on 433, 868 and 915 MHz that a software-defined radio can read. Everyday 315, 345, 433.92, 868 and 915 MHz devices: weather stations, tyre pressure sensors, remotes, energy and water meters, Z-Wave (passive; S0 and S2 stay encrypted) Weather stations, tyre pressure sensors, remotes and energy / water "},{"u":"/modes/lorawan/","t":"LoRaWAN","c":"lorawan","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What LoRaWAN is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LoRaWAN More in IoT & sensors","w":"lorawan what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors lora wan ttn things network helium chirpstack gateway devaddr deveui join 868 915 sensor low power wide area standard for devices can see clear headers of frames never encrypted payload monitor eu868 mhz or us915 sf7 sf12 message types frame counters mac commands requests only payloads stay device table from netid last heard level snr counter sf log filters type fctrl fcnt port length mic generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"lorawan lora wan iot ttn the things network helium chirpstack gateway devaddr deveui join 868 915 sensor LoRaWAN is the low-power wide-area network standard for IoT devices. OnAir can see the clear headers of frames, never the encrypted payload. LoRaWAN monitor, EU868 (868.1 / 868.3 / 868.5 MHz) or US915, SF7 - SF12: message types, DevAddr and network, frame counters, MAC commands, join requests (only the clear headers; payloads stay encrypted) A device table (DevAddr or DevEUI, network from the NetID, last heard, "},{"u":"/modes/meshtastic/","t":"Meshtastic","c":"meshtastic","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Meshtastic is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Meshtastic More in IoT & sensors","w":"meshtastic what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors mesh lora an open network for off grid text messaging between small battery powered nodes messages positions telemetry 868 915 mhz bands map chat generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"meshtastic mesh lora Meshtastic is an open LoRa mesh network for off-grid text messaging between small battery-powered nodes. Meshtastic LoRa mesh messages, positions and telemetry (868 and 915 MHz bands) Nodes, map and chat Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/meshcore/","t":"MeshCore","c":"meshcore","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What MeshCore is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MeshCore More in IoT & sensors","w":"meshcore what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors mesh lora another open network for off grid messaging repeater nodes adverts messages 868 915 mhz bands map chat generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"meshcore mesh lora MeshCore is another open LoRa mesh network for off-grid messaging, with repeater nodes and adverts. MeshCore LoRa mesh adverts and messages (868 and 915 MHz bands) Nodes, map and chat Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/bluetooth-le/","t":"Bluetooth LE","c":"bluetoothle","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Bluetooth LE is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Bluetooth LE More in IoT & sensors","w":"bluetooth le what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors ble low energy advertising beacon ibeacon eddystone nrf connect scanner ghz 2402 exposure notification devices announce themselves packets on channels 37 38 39 lists them like app never connects or pairs 2426 2480 mhz device names vendors services receive only such as table address type name level history vendor beacons packet log transmits does not follow connections most phones use random addresses that change every few minutes for privacy generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"bluetooth ble le low energy advertising beacon ibeacon eddystone nrf connect scanner 2.4 ghz 2402 exposure notification Bluetooth Low Energy devices announce themselves in advertising packets on channels 37, 38 and 39. OnAir lists them like a scanner app, and never connects or pairs. Bluetooth Low Energy advertising on channels 37, 38 and 39 (2402 / 2426 / 2480 MHz): device names, vendors, services, iBeacon and Eddystone, like a scanner app (receive only: never connects or pairs) What a scanner app such as nRF Conn"},{"u":"/modes/ble-tracker-detector/","t":"BLE tracker detector","c":"bletrackerdetector","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What BLE tracker detector is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about BLE tracker detector More in IoT & sensors","w":"ble tracker detector what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors airtag apple find my tile chipolo smarttag samsung google device unwanted tracking stalking follow bluetooth item finder 2402 2426 2480 mhz recognises accessories such as tags from their advertisements how long close each stays warns one that follows receive only identifiers are kept for short window never saved generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ble tracker airtag apple find my tile chipolo smarttag samsung google find my device unwanted tracking stalking follow bluetooth item finder 2402 BLE tracker detector (2402 / 2426 / 2480 MHz): recognises Apple Find My accessories such as AirTag, Tile, Chipolo, Samsung SmartTag and Google Find My Device tags from their advertisements, shows how long and how close each stays and warns about one that follows you (receive only; identifiers are kept for a short window and never saved). BLE tracker detector (2402 / 2426 "},{"u":"/modes/zigbee-802-15-4/","t":"Zigbee / 802.15.4","c":"zigbee802154","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Zigbee / 802.15.4 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Zigbee / 802.15.4 More in IoT & sensors","w":"zigbee 802 15 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors ieee 802154 thread zigbee3 zha hue ikea tradfri aqara xiaomi lumi smartthings pan coordinator router qpsk 2405 ghz sensor smart home mesh channel 11 20 25 26 beacon other networks on carry traffic channels to mchip 250 kbit id extended devices vendor from address mac nwk aps headers beacons commands live frame log scan receive only encrypted payloads are not decrypted network key obtainable frames sent clear shown needs fast msps or an rtl sdr level device list association fcs per second plot here full generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"zigbee 802.15.4 ieee 802154 thread zigbee3 zha hue ikea tradfri aqara xiaomi lumi smartthings pan coordinator router o-qpsk 2405 2.4 ghz iot sensor smart home mesh channel 11 15 20 25 26 beacon Zigbee and other 802.15.4 networks on 2.4 GHz carry smart-home and sensor traffic on channels 11 to 26. Zigbee and IEEE 802.15.4 on the 2.4 GHz channels 11 - 26 (O-QPSK, 2 Mchip/s, 250 kbit/s): networks (PAN ID, extended PAN ID, coordinator), devices with vendor from the address, MAC / NWK / APS headers, beacons and commands"},{"u":"/modes/wi-fi-halow-802-11ah/","t":"Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah)","c":"wifihalow80211ah","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) More in IoT & sensors","w":"wi fi halow 802 11ah what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors wifi s1g sub ghz 868 915 863 902 928 long range sensor camera ssid bssid network beacon mhz 16 ieee bands to eu us lists networks from their open beacons as list does of ten regions europe canada japan korea singapore australia new zealand china india taiwan at channel widths 1m short preambles mcs 10 give vendor width streams snr level security type announces information only region operating classes auto detect or manual scan receive nothing sent joined decrypted channels work msps an rtl sdr 20 table around probe responses full resolved compressed frequency bandwidth wpa2 psk wpa3 sae owe interval plus live frame log frames per second plot preamble training field detected every sig read bpsk how are decoded fcs faster rates counted legality never transmits probes associates joins not decrypt anything try keys reads broadcasts openly phone legal most places but rules differ check them where written published standard tested on its own synthetic signal no recording yet generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"wifi halow 802.11ah s1g sub-ghz sub ghz 868 915 863 902 928 long range iot sensor camera ssid bssid network beacon 1 mhz 2 mhz 4 mhz 8 mhz 16 mhz s1g wi-fi Wi-Fi HaLow is IEEE 802.11ah, Wi-Fi in the sub-GHz bands (863 to 868 MHz in the EU, 902 to 928 MHz in the US). OnAir lists the networks from their open beacons, as a Wi-Fi list does. Wi-Fi HaLow (802.11ah) networks in the sub-GHz bands of ten regions (863 - 868 MHz in Europe, 902 - 928 MHz in the US and Canada, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Ch"},{"u":"/modes/datawell-buoy-hf-link/","t":"Datawell Buoy HF Link","c":"datawellbuoyhflink","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What Datawell Buoy HF Link is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Datawell Buoy HF Link More in HF utility","w":"datawell buoy hf link what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in utility waverider wave dwr dwr4 mkiii wr sg hxv hva fsk 2fsk 4fsk 29 mhz 30 35 telemetry ocean waves height significant buoys send their measurements to shore receiver on 25 up 45 request as heard usb signal format of 81 92 bit decoded from published reference manual heave north west displacements period water temperature gps position 64 band directional spectrum error correcting code repairing errors 163 84 not public only carrier its tones stream are shown listed channel presets receive bch parity per vector found real recording sigidwiki sample recordings synthetic signals built documented layout files","x":"datawell waverider buoy wave buoy dwr dwr4 mkiii wr-sg hxv hva fsk 2fsk 4fsk hf link 29 mhz 30 mhz 35 mhz telemetry ocean waves wave height significant Datawell Waverider wave buoys send their measurements to a shore receiver on HF (25.5 to 35.5 MHz, up to 45 MHz on request) as FSK. Datawell Waverider wave-buoy telemetry on HF, 25.5 - 35.5 MHz (up to 45 MHz on request), heard as a USB signal. The 2FSK format of the DWR-MkIII, DWR-G and WR-SG buoys (81.92 bit/s) is decoded from Datawell's published reference manual:"},{"u":"/modes/codar-hf-ocean-radar/","t":"CODAR / HF ocean radar","c":"codarhfoceanradar","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What CODAR / HF ocean radar is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about CODAR / HF ocean radar More in HF utility","w":"codar hf ocean radar what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in utility seasonde wera oceanographic fmcw chirp sweep sweeps current surface mhz 13 25 42 call sign morse cw id ilfm class coastal radars sea chirps itu bands to finds measures monitor of signals never claims position similar 65 12 14 24 45 41 found as moving lines spectrum centre width rate direction repetition level table heard first last snr history waterfall marked band time each propagation no claimed presets scan over some send decoded from keyed always labelled unverified receive only broadcast nothing decrypted ms spectrogram rising falling on at that share frequency overlap so numbers give possible hint read energy whole follows published description not recording these are or transmitted generated impairments recordings real welcome","x":"codar seasonde wera hf radar ocean radar oceanographic fmcw chirp sweep sweeps current surface 4 mhz 13 mhz 25 mhz 42 mhz call sign morse cw id ilfm SeaSonde-class coastal radars sweep the sea with FMCW chirps in the ITU oceanographic radar bands (4.4 to 42.5 MHz). OnAir finds and measures the sweeps; it is a monitor of the signals, and never claims a position. CODAR SeaSonde, WERA and similar coastal HF ocean radars: the FMCW sweeps in the 4.4 - 4.65, 5.25, 12 - 14, 24.45 - 24.65 and 41.5 - 42.5 MHz bands, found a"},{"u":"/modes/multitone-paging/","t":"Multitone Paging","c":"multitonepaging","s":"Mode reference: Pagers","h":"What Multitone Paging is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Multitone Paging More in Pagers","w":"multitone paging what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in pagers pager hospital tone sequence ffsk fsk pocsag bch mk iv vi vii uk electronics maker of used hospitals industrial sites air interface narrowband fm message layout not public so this mode detector to 25 470 mhz decoder because format per transmission carrier deviation steady tones spectral lines audio when two level measured baud rate bit stream hex how many 32 words pass 31 21 check sync word flagged everything labelled unverified no text shown receive only messages are private nothing decrypted or transmitted for data that found real recordings 2f 585 0x605a frame address fields worked out see docs research md but","x":"multitone paging pager hospital tone sequence ffsk fsk pocsag bch mk iv v vi vii uk Multitone Electronics is a UK maker of pagers used in hospitals and industrial sites. The air interface is narrowband FM with FFSK; the message layout is not public, so this mode is a detector. Multitone Electronics (UK) pagers, Mk IV to VII, in hospitals and industrial sites, 25 - 470 MHz, narrowband FM with FFSK: a detector, not a decoder, because the format is not public. Per transmission: the carrier, the FM deviation, the stead"},{"u":"/modes/noaa-weather-radio-same/","t":"NOAA Weather Radio SAME","c":"noaaweatherradiosame","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What NOAA Weather Radio SAME is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NOAA Weather Radio SAME More in Weather & science","w":"noaa weather radio same what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which you need receiving the law questions about more in science eas nwr wx alert alerts warning watch tornado severe thunderstorm flood hurricane required weekly test rwt 162 400 425 450 475 500 525 550 attention tone 1050 emergency system canada weatheradio broadcasts us on seven narrow fm channels to mhz each starts specific area message encoding burst that carries event areas time 520 83 baud afsk header sent three times voted bit by every field then shown plain english originator rest of table locations partial county direction valid for issue sender call sign how many repeats agreed hz an history map states provinces named approximate names come only from load none are built receive text public broadcast decoder mark 2083 space 1562 its name full nw ne sw se state province level raw messages csv see docs md synthetic signals no real recording tried yet not verified signal","x":"same eas noaa weather radio nwr wx alert alerts warning watch tornado severe thunderstorm flood hurricane required weekly test rwt 162.400 162.425 162.450 162.475 162.500 162.525 162.550 attention tone 1050 emergency alert system canada weatheradio NOAA Weather Radio broadcasts weather alerts in the US and Canada on seven narrow-FM channels (162.400 to 162.550 MHz). Each alert starts with a SAME (Specific Area Message Encoding) burst that carries the event, the areas and the time. NOAA Weather Radio (US and Canada)"},{"u":"/modes/antplus-sensors/","t":"ANT+ sensors","c":"antsensors","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What ANT+ sensors is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ANT+ sensors More in IoT & sensors","w":"ant+ sensors what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot low power wireless protocol of many heart rate straps bike meters fitness watches on 2457 mhz other ant networks their own channel speed cadence footpods environment as watch or computer hears them mbit gfsk frames device number type data page beat count interval plotted over time temperature manufacturer serial battery pages receive only nothing sent paired acknowledged open broadcasts are shown needs that reaches ghz at msps hackrf pluto limesdr bladerf usrp generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ANT+ is the low-power wireless protocol of many heart-rate straps, bike sensors, power meters and fitness watches, on 2457 MHz. ANT+ sensors on 2457 MHz (and other ANT networks on their own channel): heart rate straps and watches, bike speed, cadence and power sensors, footpods, environment sensors, as a watch or bike computer hears them: 1 Mbit/s GFSK frames with the device number, type and the data page, the heart rate with the beat count and R-R interval plotted over time, power, cadence, speed, temperature, man"},{"u":"/modes/dect-cordless-phones/","t":"DECT cordless phones","c":"dectcordlessphones","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What DECT cordless phones is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DECT cordless phones More in IoT & sensors","w":"dect cordless phones what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors phone standard europe its ten carriers run from 1881 792 to 1897 344 mhz base stations on 152 mbit gfsk 10 ms frames of 24 slots every station beacon sends frame rfpi manufacturer code system number inside level uses information tails burst log handset bursts activity signalling only calls are encrypted voice not decoded nothing transmitted needs that reaches ghz at msps or hackrf pluto limesdr bladerf usrp sdrplay their beacons used sent generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"DECT is the cordless phone standard. In Europe its ten carriers run from 1881.792 to 1897.344 MHz. DECT cordless phones and base stations on the ten carriers 1881.792 - 1897.344 MHz (Europe; 1.152 Mbit/s GFSK, 10 ms frames of 24 slots): every base station from the beacon it sends every frame, with its RFPI (the manufacturer code and system number inside it), level and the slots it uses, the system information tails and a burst log with base and handset bursts. Activity and signalling only: calls are encrypted and t"},{"u":"/modes/wi-sun-fan/","t":"Wi-SUN FAN","c":"wisunfan","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Wi-SUN FAN is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Wi-SUN FAN More in IoT & sensors","w":"wi sun fan what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors wisun smart meter grid utility street light 802 15 4g fsk 915 920 921 928 anz australia new zealand mesh rpl 6lowpan pan border router eapol landis itron networks meters lights ieee at 50 100 150 kbit band plans of every region from 470 mhz to ghz whole once nodes hop over channel all 16 msps their name vendor role routing cost schedules links levels acks report frame log chart receive only nothing sent or joined configurations data are encrypted stay so needs for few channels generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"wi-sun wisun fan smart meter smart grid utility street light 802.15.4g sun fsk 915 920 921 928 anz australia new zealand mesh rpl 6lowpan pan border router eapol landis itron Wi-SUN FAN smart utility networks (smart meters, street lights) (IEEE 802.15.4g FSK at 50, 100 and 150 kbit/s) with the band plans of every Wi-SUN region from 470 MHz to 2.4 GHz: a whole band at once (the nodes hop over every channel, all of 915 - 928 MHz at 16 Msps), networks with their name and border router, nodes with vendor, role, routing"},{"u":"/modes/wireless-m-bus-meters/","t":"Wireless M-Bus (meters)","c":"wirelessmbusmeters","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Wireless M-Bus (meters) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Wireless M-Bus (meters) More in IoT & sensors","w":"wireless bus meters what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors wmbus wm mbus en 13757 en13757 meter smart utility water heat gas electricity cost allocator hca s1 t1 c1 r2 n1 868 95 169 mhz manufacturer kam ela qds on 03 15 fsk gfsk manchester out of nrz chips frame formats their block crcs id version device type for unencrypted frames readings volume energy power temperatures dates encrypted payloads are listed as never decoded needs msps or generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"wireless m-bus wmbus wm-bus mbus m-bus en 13757 en13757 meter smart meter utility water heat gas electricity heat cost allocator hca s1 t1 c1 r2 n1 868 868.3 868.95 169 169.4 mhz manufacturer kam ela qds Wireless M-Bus (EN 13757-4) utility meters: S1 on 868.3 MHz, T1 and C1 on 868.95 MHz, R2 on 868.03 - 868.15 MHz and N1 on 169.4 MHz (2-FSK / GFSK, Manchester, 3-out-of-6 and NRZ chips, frame formats A and B with their block CRCs): manufacturer, meter ID, version and device type (water, heat, gas, electricity, heat "},{"u":"/modes/nfc-rfid-13-56-mhz/","t":"NFC / RFID 13.56 MHz","c":"nfcrfid1356mhz","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What NFC / RFID 13.56 MHz is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about NFC / RFID 13.56 MHz More in IoT & sensors","w":"nfc rfid 13 56 mhz what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors iso 14443 14443a 14443b 15693 mifare ntag type ndef uid atqa sak rats ats anticollision contactless proximity vicinity reader tag picc pcd apdu crc miller manchester subcarrier at receive only iec reqa wupa select sizes hlta framing as hex text uri from read answers reqb atqb on bpsk of 256 pulse position inventory system info far public specs allow frames are 100 ask load modulate 847 khz or 423 75 needs an hf capable receiver rtl sdr v4 direct hackrf airspy hf+ rx888 few msps so sidebands fit nothing cloned no encrypted content decoded keys attacked pet microchips 134 fdx different band see docs md generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"nfc rfid 13.56 iso 14443 14443a 14443b 15693 mifare ntag type 2 ndef uid atqa sak rats ats anticollision contactless proximity vicinity reader tag picc pcd apdu crc miller manchester subcarrier NFC / RFID at 13.56 MHz, receive only: ISO/IEC 14443 Type A (REQA/WUPA, ATQA, anticollision, SELECT, SAK, UID sizes, CRC_A, HLTA, RATS/ATS, APDU framing as hex, NDEF text/URI from Type 2 READ answers), Type B (REQB/ATQB on the BPSK subcarrier) and ISO/IEC 15693 (1-of-4 / 1-of-256 pulse position, inventory, UID, system info) "},{"u":"/modes/z-wave/","t":"Z-Wave","c":"zwave","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Z-Wave is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Z-Wave More in IoT & sensors","w":"wave what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors zwave 9959 smart home 868 908 921 id node controller switch dimmer sensor lock thermostat silicon labs zensys 700 800 series r1 r2 r3 s0 s2 automation itu fsk kbit manchester 40 100 on sub ghz channels of europe usa australia new zealand hong kong india russia china israel japan korea networks by nodes command classes commands frame log receive only encrypted payloads are shown as never decoded fits msps centred 869 13 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"z-wave zwave g.9959 smart home 868 908 921 home id node controller switch dimmer sensor lock thermostat silicon labs zensys 700 800 series r1 r2 r3 s0 s2 Z-Wave home automation (ITU-T G.9959 FSK: R1 9.6 kbit/s Manchester, R2 40 kbit/s, R3 100 kbit/s) on the sub-GHz channels of Europe, USA, Australia / New Zealand, Hong Kong, India, Russia, China, Israel, Japan and Korea: networks by home ID, nodes, command classes and commands, a frame log. Receive only: S0 and S2 encrypted payloads are shown as encrypted and never"},{"u":"/modes/lora-raw/","t":"LoRa (raw)","c":"loraraw","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What LoRa (raw) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LoRa (raw) More in IoT & sensors","w":"lora raw what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors p2p point to sx127x sx126x sx1276 sx1262 rfm95 ra 02 chirp spread spectrum css 433 868 915 eu868 us915 sf7 sf12 spreading factor implicit header sync word 0x12 arduino esp32 heltec ttgo used for links this mode plain frames between two radios not lorawan mesh every frame as bytes hex text snr level carrier offset set sf5 bandwidth 125 250 500 khz coding rate crc or leave on auto combination searched mhz presets receive only nothing sent decrypted interpreted time explicit length frequency payload just generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"lora raw p2p point to point sx127x sx126x sx1276 sx1262 rfm95 ra-02 chirp spread spectrum css 433 868 915 eu868 us915 sf7 sf12 spreading factor implicit header sync word 0x12 arduino esp32 heltec ttgo LoRa is a chirp-spread-spectrum radio used for point-to-point links and IoT. This mode shows plain LoRa frames between two radios: not LoRaWAN and not a mesh. Plain LoRa between two radios (point to point, not LoRaWAN, not a mesh): every frame as bytes (hex and text) with SNR, level and carrier offset. You set the spr"},{"u":"/modes/sigfox/","t":"Sigfox","c":"sigfox","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Sigfox is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Sigfox More in IoT & sensors","w":"sigfox what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors 0g unb ultra narrow band narrowband dbpsk bpsk 100 bps 600 rc1 rc2 rc3 rc4 rc5 rc6 868 13 130 902 200 920 923 865 lpwan uplink device id sequence counter payload uplinks receive only at bit mhz or anywhere khz macro channel each frame type message hex single downlink request flag authentication code shown never needs key crc three repetitions ranks its own convolution merged into one their level layout from public specification nothing decrypted generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"sigfox 0g unb ultra narrow band ultra-narrowband dbpsk d-bpsk 100 bps 600 bps rc1 rc2 rc3 rc4 rc5 rc6 868.13 868.130 902.2 902.200 920.8 923.2 865.2 lpwan iot uplink device id sequence counter payload Sigfox uplinks, receive only: ultra-narrowband D-BPSK at 100 bit/s (RC1 868.130 MHz, RC3, RC5, RC6) or 600 bit/s (RC2 902.200 MHz, RC4) anywhere in the 200 kHz macro channel. Each frame's type, device ID, message counter, payload in hex (or the single bit), the downlink request flag and the authentication code (shown,"},{"u":"/modes/wi-fi-networks/","t":"Wi-Fi networks","c":"wifinetworks","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Wi-Fi networks is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Wi-Fi networks More in IoT & sensors","w":"wi fi networks what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors wifi wlan 802 11 11b 11a 11n 11ac 11ax 11be 6e access point ap ssid bssid beacon probe response fils wpa wpa2 wpa3 owe wep scanner ghz channel dsss ofdm unii dfs psc rnr points announce themselves frames lists like phone does from beacons alone on channels 14 36 177 to 233 discovery unsolicited responses their vendor band width standard ac ax be security open key management protected capabilities bss color co located aps reduced neighbor report level selector scan occupancy chart needs 20 msps for mhz passive only never joins or transmits list hidden as enterprise supported rates interval history last seen log are read data counted decoded probes that at 11g not heard generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"wifi wi-fi wlan 802.11 802.11b 802.11a 802.11n 802.11ac 802.11ax 802.11be wi-fi 6 6e 7 access point ap ssid bssid beacon probe response fils wpa wpa2 wpa3 owe wep scanner 2.4 ghz 5 ghz 6 ghz channel dsss ofdm unii dfs psc rnr Wi-Fi access points announce themselves in beacon frames. OnAir lists the networks like a phone does, from the beacons alone. Wi-Fi access points on 2.4 GHz (channels 1 - 14, 802.11b and OFDM beacons), 5 GHz (channels 36 - 177, UNII-1 to UNII-4 with DFS) and 6 GHz (Wi-Fi 6E / 7, channels 1 - 2"},{"u":"/modes/radiosonde/","t":"Radiosonde","c":"radiosonde","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What Radiosonde is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Radiosonde More in Weather & science","w":"radiosonde what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science radiosondes are small instruments carried by balloons transmitting position data near 400 to 406 mhz balloon rs41 dfm m10 others tracks altitude generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"Radiosondes are small weather instruments carried by balloons, transmitting position and weather data near 400 to 406 MHz. Weather balloon radiosondes, 400 to 406 MHz (RS41, DFM, M10 and others) Balloon tracks, altitude and weather data Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/time-signals/","t":"Time signals","c":"timesignals","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What Time signals is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Time signals More in Weather & science","w":"time signals what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science signal clock dcf77 msf wwvb jjy wwv wwvh atomic code lf 77 khz 60 40 utc leap second dst summer ntp offset stations others broadcast exact so clocks can set themselves frequency 20 mhz date flags seconds tick how far computer off after path delay zone dut1 its jitter from your position level snr history tab sync source gps or station measured now button that sets only click through system administrator prompt refuses when not locked over 10 minutes command to copy an optional act as server lan switch by default udp 123 1123 stratum clients rate limited hobby accuracy coded bpm read real recording generated impairments recordings of welcome for other","x":"time signal clock dcf77 msf wwvb jjy wwv wwvh atomic clock radio clock time code lf 77.5 khz 60 khz 40 khz utc leap second dst summer time ntp offset Time stations (DCF77, MSF, WWVB, JJY, WWV and others) broadcast the exact time, so radio clocks can set themselves. Time and frequency stations: DCF77 (77.5 kHz), MSF and WWVB (60 kHz), JJY (40 / 60 kHz), WWV / WWVH (2.5 - 20 MHz): the time, date, summer time and leap second flags, the seconds tick, and how far the computer clock is off after the path delay Time, date"},{"u":"/modes/e-czas-225-khz-poland/","t":"e-Czas (225 kHz, Poland)","c":"eczas225khzpoland","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What e-Czas (225 kHz, Poland) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about e-Czas (225 kHz, Poland) More in Weather & science","w":"czas 225 khz poland what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science eczas urzedowy gum polish time signal long wave lw longwave polskie program pierwszy solec kujawski pcsk225 code clock leap second summer dst ntp offset national service on carrier of 50 bit phase keying packets date local flags transmitter state how far computer off needs that tunes to or an upconverter generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"eczas e-czas czas urzedowy gum poland polish time signal 225 khz long wave lw longwave polskie radio program pierwszy solec kujawski pcsk225 time code clock leap second summer time dst ntp offset E-Czas, the Polish national time service (GUM) on the 225 kHz long-wave carrier of Polish Radio 1: 50 bit/s phase keying, time packets with the date, the local offset, the summer-time and leap-second flags and the transmitter state, and how far the computer clock is off. Needs a radio that tunes to 225 kHz (or an upconvert"},{"u":"/modes/meteor-scatter/","t":"Meteor scatter","c":"meteorscatter","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What Meteor scatter is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Meteor scatter More in Weather & science","w":"meteor scatter what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science meteors pings graves 143 050 05 beacon forward brams radar echo shower perseids geminids leonids quadrantids doppler trail underdense overdense rate per hour detector echoes of fixed space at mhz or any cw found narrow spectrogram next to its line each ping counted start time duration peak level over background shift day annual showers marked live waterfall csv logging for unattended runs needs that tunes msps within khz centre generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"meteor scatter meteors pings graves 143.050 143.05 beacon forward scatter brams radar echo shower perseids geminids leonids quadrantids doppler trail underdense overdense rate per hour Meteor scatter detector: forward-scatter echoes of a fixed beacon (the GRAVES space radar at 143.050 MHz, or any CW beacon) found in a narrow spectrogram next to its line. Each ping is counted with its start time, duration, peak level over the background and Doppler shift; ping rate per hour and per day with the annual meteor showers"},{"u":"/modes/goes-dcs/","t":"GOES DCS","c":"goesdcs","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What GOES DCS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about GOES DCS More in Satellite & navigation","w":"goes dcs what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation dcp data collection platform meteosat noaa nesdis eumetsat 401 85 402 uplink 300 bps 1200 100 river gauge stream tide buoy weather station hydrology usgs sensor telemetry hex address bch pseudo binary ascii manchester platforms on mhz gauges stations buoys send short report their own khz channel at or carrier phase modulation nrz every capture followed bit rate coding tried protected digit level are shown table of heard csv log needs that covers msps uhf antenna generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"goes dcs dcp data collection platform meteosat noaa nesdis eumetsat 401.7 401.85 402 uplink 300 bps 1200 bps 100 bps river gauge stream gauge tide buoy weather station hydrology usgs sensor telemetry hex address bch pseudo-binary ascii manchester GOES / Meteosat data collection platforms (DCS) on the 401.7 - 402.1 MHz uplink: river gauges, weather stations, tide gauges and buoys send a short report on their own 1.5 kHz channel at 100, 300 or 1200 bps (carrier phase modulation, NRZ or Manchester). Every carrier in t"},{"u":"/modes/sbas/","t":"SBAS","c":"sbas","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What SBAS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about SBAS More in Satellite & navigation","w":"sbas what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation waas egnos msas gagan sdcm bdsbas kass augmentation geostationary correction corrections udre ionospheric grid igp prn mask 123 127 131 133 135 138 integrity l1 satellites on 1575 42 mhz found tracked without gps lock first every message decoded its crc fast geo time offset almanac receive only are shown not applied needs an active antenna generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"sbas waas egnos msas gagan sdcm bdsbas kass augmentation geostationary correction corrections udre ionospheric grid igp prn mask 123 127 131 133 135 138 integrity SBAS L1 augmentation satellites (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, SDCM, BDSBAS) on 1575.42 MHz: found and tracked without a GPS lock first, every message decoded with its CRC (PRN mask, fast corrections and UDRE, ionospheric grid, GEO navigation message, time offset, almanac). Receive only: the corrections are shown, not applied. Needs an active antenna. SBAS L1"},{"u":"/modes/ionospheric-sounders/","t":"Ionospheric sounders","c":"ionosphericsounders","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What Ionospheric sounders is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Ionospheric sounders More in Weather & science","w":"ionospheric sounders what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science ionosonde sounder chirp chirpsounder oblique sounding ionogram fmcw sweep hf propagation virtual height group range layer muf codar ionosondes are transmitters that probe ionosphere their sweeps visible all over shortwave bands 30 mhz at 100 500 khz found by dechirping rate period start offset an of against frequency timeline png csv export no decoder built from every through captured span hackrf 20 msps sees 18 band coverage narrow","x":"ionosonde ionospheric sounder chirp chirpsounder oblique sounding ionogram fmcw sweep hf propagation virtual height group range f layer muf codar Ionosondes are HF chirp transmitters that probe the ionosphere. Their sweeps are visible all over the shortwave bands. HF chirp sounders (ionosondes and oblique sounders, 0 - 30 MHz at 100 - 500 kHz/s): sweeps found by dechirping, their rate, period and start offset, an ionogram of group range against frequency, a timeline, PNG / CSV export; no decoder Sweeps found by dec"},{"u":"/modes/radio-astronomy/","t":"Radio astronomy","c":"radioastronomy","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What Radio astronomy is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Radio astronomy More in Weather & science","w":"radio astronomy what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science hydrogen line 21 cm h1 hi neutral oh maser milky way galaxy radial velocity doppler lsr telescope dish horn integration at 1420 4058 mhz lets amateurs map small an sdr lines long on off reference baseline fit drift scan waterfall csv export no decoder of spectrum to fft 1024 16384 or frequency switching polynomial outside window axis km peak marker short how lna filter","x":"radio astronomy hydrogen line 21 cm h1 hi neutral hydrogen oh maser milky way galaxy radial velocity doppler lsr telescope dish horn integration The hydrogen line at 1420.4058 MHz lets amateurs map the Milky Way with a small dish and an SDR. Radio astronomy: the 21 cm hydrogen line (1420.4058 MHz) and the OH lines; long integration, on - off reference, baseline fit, radial velocity, drift-scan waterfall, CSV export; no decoder Long integration of the spectrum (1 s to 1 h, FFT 1024 - 16384), on - off reference or fr"},{"u":"/modes/ft8/","t":"FT8","c":"ft8","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What FT8 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FT8 More in Amateur: digital","w":"ft8 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf most popular weak signal mode among amateurs 15 second slots fsk contacts that work well below noise floor of voice 14 074 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ft8 wsjt hf digital FT8 is the most popular weak-signal digital mode among radio amateurs: 15-second slots, 8-FSK, and contacts that work well below the noise floor of voice. FT8 weak-signal contacts in 15 s slots, 14.074 MHz FT8 weak-signal contacts in 15 s slots, 14.074 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ft4/","t":"FT4","c":"ft4","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What FT4 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FT4 More in Amateur: digital","w":"ft4 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf contest oriented relative of ft8 second slots mode 14 080 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ft4 wsjt hf digital FT4 is the contest-oriented relative of FT8, with 7.5-second slots. FT4 contest mode in 7.5 s slots, 14.080 MHz FT4 contest mode in 7.5 s slots, 14.080 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/ft2/","t":"FT2","c":"ft2","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What FT2 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FT2 More in Amateur: digital","w":"ft2 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf shortens slot of ft family to 75 seconds for even faster exchanges slots 14 084 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ft2 wsjt hf digital FT2 shortens the slot of the FT family to 3.75 seconds for even faster exchanges. FT2 in 3.75 s slots, 14.084 MHz FT2 in 3.75 s slots, 14.084 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/wspr/","t":"WSPR","c":"wspr","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What WSPR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about WSPR More in Amateur: digital","w":"wspr what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf beacon propagation weak signal reporter beacons run two minute slots let amateurs measure how far low power signals travel 14 0956 mhz generated impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"wspr wsjt hf digital beacon propagation WSPR (Weak Signal Propagation Reporter) beacons run in two-minute slots and let amateurs measure how far low-power signals travel. WSPR propagation beacons in 2 minute slots, 14.0956 MHz WSPR propagation beacons in 2 minute slots, 14.0956 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/jt65/","t":"JT65","c":"jt65","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What JT65 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about JT65 More in Amateur: digital","w":"jt65 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf eme weak signal mode of family decoded by same receiver as ft8 contacts 65 fsk reed solomon 60 periods sub modes 14 076 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"jt65 wsjt hf digital eme JT65 is a weak-signal digital mode of the WSJT family, decoded by the same receiver as FT8. JT65 weak-signal contacts (65-FSK, Reed-Solomon, 60 s periods, sub-modes A, B, C), 14.076 MHz JT65 weak-signal contacts (65-FSK, Reed-Solomon, 60 s periods, sub-modes A, B, C), 14.076 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/jt9/","t":"JT9","c":"jt9","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What JT9 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about JT9 More in Amateur: digital","w":"jt9 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf weak signal mode of family decoded by same receiver as ft8 contacts fsk convolutional code 60 periods 15 hz wide 14 078 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"jt9 wsjt hf digital JT9 is a weak-signal digital mode of the WSJT family, decoded by the same receiver as FT8. JT9 weak-signal contacts (9-FSK, convolutional code, 60 s periods, 15 Hz wide), 14.078 MHz JT9 weak-signal contacts (9-FSK, convolutional code, 60 s periods, 15 Hz wide), 14.078 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/q65/","t":"Q65","c":"q65","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What Q65 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Q65 More in Amateur: digital","w":"q65 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt hf eme scatter weak signal mode of family decoded by same receiver as ft8 to 15 min periods for work ary repeat accumulate code 65 fsk generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"q65 wsjt hf digital eme scatter Q65 is a weak-signal digital mode of the WSJT family, decoded by the same receiver as FT8. Q65 (A to E, 15 s to 5 min periods) for EME, scatter and weak-signal work: Q-ary repeat-accumulate code, 65-FSK Q65 (A to E, 15 s to 5 min periods) for EME, scatter and weak-signal work: Q-ary repeat-accumulate code, 65-FSK Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/fst4/","t":"FST4","c":"fst4","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What FST4 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FST4 More in Amateur: digital","w":"fst4 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital fst4w wsjt hf beacon lf mf weak signal mode of family for low bands 15 to 30 min periods gfsk ldpc 240 101 74 contacts beacons generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"fst4 fst4w wsjt hf digital beacon lf mf FST4 (and FST4W) is a weak-signal digital mode of the WSJT family for the low bands. FST4 and FST4W (15 s to 30 min periods, 4-GFSK, LDPC (240,101) / (240,74)) for LF, MF and HF weak-signal contacts and beacons FST4 and FST4W (15 s to 30 min periods, 4-GFSK, LDPC (240,101) / (240,74)) for LF, MF and HF weak-signal contacts and beacons Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/msk144/","t":"MSK144","c":"msk144","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What MSK144 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MSK144 More in Amateur: digital","w":"msk144 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt meteor scatter fast mode for contacts 72 ms frames 2000 baud 15 periods decodes short bursts of trails generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"msk144 wsjt meteor scatter MSK144 is a fast WSJT mode for meteor-scatter contacts. MSK144 meteor scatter (72 ms frames, 2000 baud, 15 s periods): decodes the short bursts of meteor trails MSK144 meteor scatter (72 ms frames, 2000 baud, 15 s periods): decodes the short bursts of meteor trails Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/jt4/","t":"JT4","c":"jt4","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What JT4 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about JT4 More in Amateur: digital","w":"jt4 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital wsjt eme moonbounce hf weak signal contacts fsk convolutional code 47 transmissions sub modes to generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"jt4 wsjt eme moonbounce hf digital JT4 EME weak-signal contacts (4-FSK, convolutional code, 47 s transmissions, sub-modes A to G). JT4 EME weak-signal contacts (4-FSK, convolutional code, 47 s transmissions, sub-modes A to G) JT4 EME weak-signal contacts (4-FSK, convolutional code, 47 s transmissions, sub-modes A to G) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/psk31/","t":"PSK31","c":"psk31","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What PSK31 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about PSK31 More in Amateur: digital","w":"psk31 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital psk63 bpsk qpsk psk varicode keyboard chat hf narrow to mode 31 25 baud that fits 60 hz of spectrum every signal khz passband at once 14 070 mhz log per picked one big text callsigns highlighted generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"psk31 psk63 bpsk qpsk psk varicode keyboard chat hf amateur digital PSK31 is a narrow keyboard-to-keyboard chat mode (31.25 baud) that fits in 60 Hz of spectrum. PSK31 / PSK63 keyboard chat (BPSK and QPSK): every signal in the 3 kHz passband at once, 14.070 MHz Every signal in the 3 kHz passband at once: a chat log per signal, the picked one in big text, callsigns highlighted Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/mt63/","t":"MT63","c":"mt63","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What MT63 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MT63 More in Amateur: digital","w":"mt63 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital olivia walsh hadamard keyboard chat hf 500 1000 2000 hz short or long interleave found automatically 64 carriers coded characters that survive fades interference 14 1095 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"mt63 olivia walsh hadamard keyboard chat hf amateur digital MT63 keyboard chat (500 / 1000 / 2000 Hz, short or long interleave, found automatically): 64 carriers with Walsh-Hadamard coded characters that survive fades and interference, 14.1095 MHz. MT63 keyboard chat (500 / 1000 / 2000 Hz, short or long interleave, found automatically): 64 carriers with Walsh-Hadamard coded characters that survive fades and interference, 14.1095 MHz MT63 keyboard chat (500 / 1000 / 2000 Hz, short or long interleave, found automatic"},{"u":"/modes/fsq/","t":"FSQ","c":"fsq","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What FSQ is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FSQ More in Amateur: digital","w":"fsq what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital fast simple qso fldigi directed keyboard chat mfsk hf 33 tones speeds to baud found automatically messages sender addressee command 14 105 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"fsq fast simple qso fldigi directed keyboard chat mfsk hf amateur digital FSQ (Fast Simple QSO) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 1.5 to 6 baud found automatically, directed messages with sender, addressee and command, 14.105 MHz. FSQ (Fast Simple QSO) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 1.5 to 6 baud found automatically, directed messages with sender, addressee and command, 14.105 MHz FSQ (Fast Simple QSO) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 1.5 to 6 baud found automatically, directed messages with sender, addressee and com"},{"u":"/modes/ifkp/","t":"IFKP","c":"ifkp","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What IFKP is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about IFKP More in Amateur: digital","w":"ifkp what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital incremental frequency keying fldigi keyboard chat mfsk hf plus 33 tones speeds found automatically 14 083 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ifkp incremental frequency keying fldigi keyboard chat mfsk hf amateur digital IFKP (Incremental Frequency Keying Plus) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 found automatically, 14.083 MHz. IFKP (Incremental Frequency Keying Plus) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 found automatically, 14.083 MHz IFKP (Incremental Frequency Keying Plus) keyboard chat: 33 tones, speeds 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 found automatically, 14.083 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals"},{"u":"/modes/sitor-wip-table-unverified/","t":"SITOR (WIP, table unverified)","c":"sitorwiptableunverified","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What SITOR (WIP, table unverified) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about SITOR (WIP, table unverified) More in Amateur: digital","w":"sitor wip table unverified what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital ccir 476 fec navtex teletype hf marine work progress on no fsk demodulator yet character not against itu generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"sitor ccir 476 fec-a fec-b navtex teletype hf marine work in progress SITOR / CCIR 476 teletype (FEC-A and FEC-B) on HF: work in progress, no FSK demodulator yet, character table not checked against ITU-R M.476. SITOR / CCIR 476 teletype (FEC-A and FEC-B) on HF: work in progress, no FSK demodulator yet, character table not checked against ITU-R M.476 SITOR / CCIR 476 teletype (FEC-A and FEC-B) on HF: work in progress, no FSK demodulator yet, character table not checked against ITU-R M.476 Checked with generated sig"},{"u":"/modes/dme-wip/","t":"DME (WIP)","c":"dmewip","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What DME (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DME (WIP) More in Aviation","w":"dme wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation distance measuring equipment navigation ils vor tacan channel ident beacon on 962 1213 mhz or of from its pulse pairs pair rate morse work progress receive only needs that tunes to ghz at msps generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"dme distance measuring equipment navigation ils vor tacan x y channel ident beacon aviation wip DME (distance measuring equipment) on 962-1213 MHz: the X or Y channel of the beacon from its pulse pairs, the pair rate and the Morse ident. Work in progress; receive only, needs a radio that tunes to about 1 GHz at 2 Msps or more. DME (distance measuring equipment) on 962-1213 MHz: the X or Y channel of the beacon from its pulse pairs, the pair rate and the Morse ident. Work in progress; receive only, needs a radio tha"},{"u":"/modes/eloran-loran-c-wip/","t":"eLoran / Loran-C (WIP)","c":"eloranlorancwip","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What eLoran / Loran-C (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about eLoran / Loran-C (WIP) More in Aviation","w":"eloran loran wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation lorac gri 100 khz navigation hyperbolic pulse chain master secondary at group repetition interval stations their arrival times relative to level phase code work progress data channel not decoded receive only needs or downconverter that tunes 250 ksps every cw signal 14 window once speed snr text callsigns highlighted generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"eloran loran loran-c lorac gri 100 khz navigation hyperbolic pulse chain master secondary wip Loran-C at 100 kHz: the group repetition interval, the master and secondary stations with their arrival times relative to the master, level and phase code. Work in progress; the eLoran data channel is not decoded. Receive only, needs a radio or downconverter that tunes to 100 kHz at 250 ksps or more. Loran-C at 100 kHz: the group repetition interval, the master and secondary stations with their arrival times relative to th"},{"u":"/modes/asterix/","t":"ASTERIX","c":"asterix","s":"Mode reference: Aviation","h":"What ASTERIX is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ASTERIX More in Aviation","w":"asterix what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in aviation eurocontrol radar surveillance cat021 cat048 cat062 cat 21 48 62 psr ssr mode track tracks udp multicast pcap sdps atc data from network or file no 021 ads target reports 048 monoradar 062 system as datagrams unicast recording raw blocks capture shown table map own pulses cannot be received by software this reads ground station sends receive only port closed until start listening generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"asterix eurocontrol radar surveillance cat021 cat048 cat062 cat 21 48 62 psr ssr mode s track tracks udp multicast pcap sdps atc ASTERIX surveillance data from a network or a file (no radio): CAT 021 ADS-B target reports, CAT 048 monoradar target reports and CAT 062 system tracks as UDP datagrams (unicast or multicast) or a recording (raw blocks or a pcap capture), shown as a track table and a map. A radar's own pulses cannot be received by a software radio; this reads the data a radar or ground station sends. Rece"},{"u":"/modes/ardop/","t":"ARDOP","c":"ardop","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What ARDOP is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ARDOP More in Amateur: digital","w":"ardop what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital winlink hf email arq fsk psk open protocol modem of frames on 200 500 1000 2000 hz channels monitor only two tone leader 4fsk frame type every connect requests ids pings call signs grid square ack nak quality data that pass their crc qam are listed by header generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ardop winlink hf radio email arq fsk psk amateur digital ARDOP (Amateur Radio Digital Open Protocol, the HF modem of Winlink) frames on 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz channels, monitor only: the two-tone leader and the 4FSK frame type of every frame, connect requests, IDs and pings with call signs and grid square, ACK / NAK quality, and the data of the 4FSK frames that pass their CRC; PSK and QAM data frames are listed by header. ARDOP (Amateur Radio Digital Open Protocol, the HF modem of Winlink) frames on 200, 500, 1"},{"u":"/modes/js8call/","t":"JS8Call","c":"js8call","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What JS8Call is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about JS8Call More in Amateur: digital","w":"js8call what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital js8 ft8 weak signal messaging heartbeat relay grid hf keyboard mode built on modulation directed messages relays heartbeats fsk normal fast turbo slots 14 078 mhz every frame passband put together from their frames cqs stations grids map generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"js8 js8call ft8 weak signal messaging heartbeat relay grid hf amateur digital JS8Call is a keyboard messaging mode built on FT8 modulation, with directed messages, relays and heartbeats. JS8Call keyboard messaging (8-FSK, normal / fast / turbo slots): heartbeats, directed messages, relays, 14.078 MHz Every frame in the passband, messages put together from their frames, heartbeats and CQs, relays, stations and their grids on a map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/rtty/","t":"RTTY","c":"rtty","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What RTTY is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about RTTY More in Amateur: digital","w":"rtty what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital hf teletype 45 baud two tones 170 hz apart used by amateurs contests weather broadcasts bd shift on upper sideband to 30 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"rtty hf digital teletype RTTY is radio teletype: 45.45 baud, two tones 170 Hz apart. It is used by amateurs, contests and weather broadcasts. RTTY teletype (45.45 bd, 170 Hz shift) on upper sideband, 1 to 30 MHz RTTY teletype (45.45 bd, 170 Hz shift) on upper sideband, 1 to 30 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/cw/","t":"CW","c":"cw","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What CW is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about CW More in Amateur: digital","w":"cw what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital morse skimmer hf telegraphy code sent by keying carrier on off reads many signals at once every signal 14 khz window to 50 wpm segments speed snr text callsigns highlighted generated impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"cw morse skimmer hf amateur telegraphy CW is Morse code sent by keying a carrier on and off. A skimmer reads many CW signals at once. CW (Morse) skimmer: every signal in a 14 kHz window, 5 to 50 WPM, on the HF CW segments Every CW signal in a 14 kHz window at once: speed, SNR and text, callsigns highlighted Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/sstv/","t":"SSTV","c":"sstv","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What SSTV is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about SSTV More in Amateur: digital","w":"sstv what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital hf pictures sends still over voice bandwidth popular on iss slow scan tv martin scottie robot pd upper sideband generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"sstv hf digital pictures SSTV sends still pictures over voice-bandwidth radio. It is popular on HF and with the ISS. SSTV slow-scan TV pictures (Martin, Scottie, Robot, PD) on upper sideband SSTV slow-scan TV pictures (Martin, Scottie, Robot, PD) on upper sideband Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/hamdrm/","t":"HamDRM","c":"hamdrm","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What HamDRM is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HamDRM More in Amateur: digital","w":"hamdrm what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital easypal qsstv drm sstv dsstv pictures jpeg hf sends as files over style ofdm signal normal ssb bandwidth or khz of upper sideband 14 233 mhz audio station information journaline pages packet mode data service generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"hamdrm easypal qsstv drm digital sstv dsstv pictures jpeg hf HamDRM (EasyPal, QSSTV DRM) sends pictures as files over a DRM-style OFDM signal in a normal SSB bandwidth. HamDRM / EasyPal digital SSTV: pictures as files over DRM-style OFDM in 2.3 or 2.5 kHz of upper sideband, 14.233 MHz Audio and station information; Journaline pages (packet mode data service) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/olivia/","t":"Olivia","c":"olivia","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What Olivia is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Olivia More in Amateur: digital","w":"olivia what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital mfsk keyboard hf text to mode from fldigi family walsh hadamard coding weak signal 14 1065 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"olivia mfsk keyboard hf digital text Olivia is a keyboard-to-keyboard digital mode from the fldigi family. Olivia MFSK keyboard mode with Walsh-Hadamard coding, weak-signal text, 14.1065 MHz Olivia MFSK keyboard mode with Walsh-Hadamard coding, weak-signal text, 14.1065 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/contestia/","t":"Contestia","c":"contestia","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What Contestia is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Contestia More in Amateur: digital","w":"contestia what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital olivia keyboard hf text to mode from fldigi family related bit characters upper case faster 14 1095 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"contestia olivia keyboard hf digital text Contestia is a keyboard-to-keyboard digital mode from the fldigi family, related to Olivia. Contestia (Olivia with 6-bit characters, upper case, faster), 14.1095 MHz Contestia (Olivia with 6-bit characters, upper case, faster), 14.1095 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/mfsk/","t":"MFSK","c":"mfsk","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What MFSK is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MFSK More in Amateur: digital","w":"mfsk what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital mfsk16 mfsk32 keyboard hf text to mode from fldigi family mfsk4 mfsk64 modes usual one forward error correction 14 0785 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"mfsk mfsk16 mfsk32 keyboard hf digital text MFSK is a keyboard-to-keyboard digital mode from the fldigi family. MFSK4 to MFSK64 keyboard modes (MFSK16 is the usual one) with forward error correction, 14.0785 MHz MFSK4 to MFSK64 keyboard modes (MFSK16 is the usual one) with forward error correction, 14.0785 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/thor/","t":"THOR","c":"thor","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What THOR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about THOR More in Amateur: digital","w":"thor what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital keyboard hf text to mode from fldigi family modes 100 incremental frequency keying fec 14 077 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"thor keyboard hf digital text THOR is a keyboard-to-keyboard digital mode from the fldigi family. THOR keyboard modes (4 to 100) with incremental frequency keying and FEC, 14.077 MHz THOR keyboard modes (4 to 100) with incremental frequency keying and FEC, 14.077 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/dominoex/","t":"DominoEX","c":"dominoex","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What DominoEX is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about DominoEX More in Amateur: digital","w":"dominoex what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital domino keyboard hf text to mode from fldigi family modes 22 incremental frequency keying 14 0715 mhz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"dominoex domino keyboard hf digital text DominoEX is a keyboard-to-keyboard digital mode from the fldigi family. DominoEX keyboard modes (4 to 22) with incremental frequency keying, 14.0715 MHz DominoEX keyboard modes (4 to 22) with incremental frequency keying, 14.0715 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/hellschreiber/","t":"Hellschreiber","c":"hellschreiber","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What Hellschreiber is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Hellschreiber More in Amateur: digital","w":"hellschreiber what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital hell feld slow hell80 keyboard hf picture sends text as of its letters mode from fldigi family 80 hellx5 dots 14 063 mhz generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"hell hellschreiber feld slow hell80 keyboard hf digital picture Hellschreiber (Hell) sends text as a picture of its letters: a mode from the fldigi family. Hellschreiber (Feld Hell, Slow Hell, Hell 80, HellX5): text as a picture of dots, 14.063 MHz Hellschreiber (Feld Hell, Slow Hell, Hell 80, HellX5): text as a picture of dots, 14.063 MHz Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/freedv/","t":"FreeDV","c":"freedv","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What FreeDV is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about FreeDV More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"freedv what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet hf digital open for built around codec2 vocoder 700d 700e 1600 on upper sideband generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"freedv hf digital voice FreeDV is open digital voice for HF built around the codec2 vocoder. FreeDV digital voice (700D, 700E, 1600) on upper sideband FreeDV digital voice (700D, 700E, 1600) on upper sideband Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/m17/","t":"M17","c":"m17","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What M17 is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about M17 More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"m17 what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet digital codec2 vhf uhf an open data protocol for 4fsk khz 70 cm callsigns comes text messages positions on map generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"m17 digital voice codec2 amateur vhf uhf M17 is an open digital voice and data protocol for VHF and UHF amateur radio (4FSK, 9 kHz). M17 open digital voice and data (4FSK, 9 kHz), 2 m and 70 cm Callsigns, voice (codec2 comes with OnAir), text messages, positions on a map Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/d-star/","t":"D-STAR","c":"dstar","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What D-STAR is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about D-STAR More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"star what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet dstar dv digital ambe icom jarl prs vhf uhf repeater data system from callsign routing slow gmsk 4800 bit 25 khz 70 cm call log callsigns repeaters messages gps positions on map through your mbelib generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"dstar d-star dv digital voice ambe icom jarl d-prs amateur vhf uhf repeater D-STAR is the amateur digital voice and data system from Icom and JARL, with callsign routing and slow data. D-STAR digital voice (GMSK 4800 bit/s, 6.25 kHz), 2 m and 70 cm Call log with callsigns and repeaters, slow data messages, D-PRS / GPS positions on a map, voice through your mbelib Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/yaesu-fusion-wip/","t":"Yaesu Fusion (WIP)","c":"yaesufusionwip","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What Yaesu Fusion (WIP) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Yaesu Fusion (WIP) More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"yaesu fusion wip what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet system ysf c4fm dn vw wires digital ambe vhf uhf repeater 4800 symbols 12 khz 70 cm work progress receive only callsigns call mode slow data are decoded needs speech codec plug that install yourself generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"yaesu fusion system fusion ysf c4fm dn vw wires-x digital voice ambe amateur vhf uhf repeater wip Yaesu System Fusion (C4FM 4800 symbols/s, 12.5 kHz), 2 m and 70 cm. Work in progress; receive only: callsigns, call mode and slow data are decoded, the voice needs a speech codec plug-in that you install yourself. Yaesu System Fusion (C4FM 4800 symbols/s, 12.5 kHz), 2 m and 70 cm. Work in progress; receive only: callsigns, call mode and slow data are decoded, the voice needs a speech codec plug-in that you install your"},{"u":"/modes/aprs-afsk/","t":"APRS (AFSK)","c":"aprsafsk","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What APRS (AFSK) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about APRS (AFSK) More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"aprs afsk what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet ax25 system that shares positions weather messages ax 25 at 1200 baud on 144 800 mhz europe bd lora its own entry generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"aprs packet ax25 afsk APRS is the amateur packet system that shares positions, weather and messages (AX.25 at 1200 baud AFSK on 144.800 MHz in Europe). APRS and AX.25 packet radio (1200 bd AFSK), 144.800 MHz in Europe; LoRa APRS is its own entry APRS and AX.25 packet radio (1200 bd AFSK), 144.800 MHz in Europe; LoRa APRS is its own entry Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/lora-aprs/","t":"LoRa APRS","c":"loraaprs","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What LoRa APRS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LoRa APRS More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"lora aprs what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet 433 carries positions over on 775 mhz europe 70 cm sf12 125 khz generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"lora aprs 433 LoRa APRS carries APRS positions over LoRa on 433.775 MHz in Europe. LoRa APRS on 70 cm, 433.775 MHz in Europe (SF12, 125 kHz) LoRa APRS on 70 cm, 433.775 MHz in Europe (SF12, 125 kHz) Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/meshcom/","t":"MeshCom","c":"meshcom","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: voice & packet","h":"What MeshCom is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about MeshCom More in Amateur: voice & packet","w":"meshcom what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur voice packet lora mesh 433 an messaging network on 70 cm nodes 175 mhz europe map chat generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"meshcom lora mesh 433 MeshCom is an amateur LoRa mesh messaging network on 70 cm. MeshCom LoRa nodes on 70 cm, 433.175 MHz in Europe Nodes, map and chat Checked with generated signals and impairments; recordings of real signals welcome."},{"u":"/modes/hf-ale/","t":"HF ALE","c":"hfale","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What HF ALE is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HF ALE More in HF utility","w":"hf ale what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in utility 2g automatic link establishment 188 141 fed std 1045 hfn sounding amd lqa amateur digital protocol stations use to call each other agree on working channel mil fsk calls soundings messages channels 14 109 mhz who whom individual net group responses links reports ber snr heard generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ale 2g hf automatic link establishment 188-141 fed-std-1045 hfn sounding amd lqa amateur digital Automatic Link Establishment (2G ALE) is the protocol HF stations use to call each other and agree on a working channel. HF ALE (2G, MIL-STD-188-141 / FED-STD-1045): 8-FSK link establishment calls, soundings, AMD messages and LQA on the HFN channels, 14.109 MHz Who calls whom: soundings, individual, net and group calls, responses and links, AMD messages, LQA reports, with BER and SNR; the stations heard Checked with gen"},{"u":"/modes/lorawan-all-channels/","t":"LoRaWAN (all channels)","c":"lorawanallchannels","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What LoRaWAN (all channels) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LoRaWAN (all channels) More in IoT & sensors","w":"lorawan all channels what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors lora wan plan eu868 us915 au915 as923 eu433 gateway devaddr deveui join ttn helium chirpstack wide capture multichannel across whole regional at once every channel of or that fits captured band 125 250 500 khz sf7 sf12 downlinks on inverted iq shown one table time sf frame counter port mic mac commands request accept framing level snr receive only keyless payloads are encrypted devices session keys stay bytes no key handled nothing decrypted device network from netid last heard log filters message type fctrl fcnt length requests clear headers generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"lorawan lora wan all channels plan eu868 us915 au915 as923 eu433 gateway devaddr deveui join iot ttn helium chirpstack wide capture multichannel LoRaWAN across a whole regional plan at once: every channel of EU868, US915, AU915, AS923-1..4 or EU433 that fits the captured band (125 / 250 / 500 kHz, SF7 - SF12, gateway downlinks on inverted IQ), shown in one table with time, channel, SF, DevAddr, frame counter, port, MIC, MAC commands, join request / accept framing, level and SNR. Receive only and keyless: payloads a"},{"u":"/modes/lora-satellites/","t":"LoRa satellites","c":"lorasatellites","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What LoRa satellites is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about LoRa satellites More in Satellite & navigation","w":"lora satellites what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation fossa fossasat tianqi lacuna tinygs doppler 436 437 400 45 868 915 space iot cubesat pocketqube from gateway services on 440 mhz decoder wide channel filter that follows carrier through every frame shift of up to 10 khz at 20 rate 150 300 hz curve pass drawn frames public presets unverified planner naming receive only generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"lora satellite fossa fossasat tianqi lacuna tinygs doppler 436 437 400.45 868 915 space iot cubesat pocketqube LoRa from satellites and space gateway services on 400 - 440 MHz and 868 / 915 MHz: the LoRa decoder with a Doppler-wide channel filter that follows the carrier through every frame (shift of up to +-10 kHz at 436 MHz and +-20 kHz at 868 MHz, rate of up to 150 - 300 Hz/s), a Doppler curve of the pass drawn from the frames, public presets (unverified) and the pass planner naming the satellite.…. LoRa from sa"},{"u":"/modes/psk-demodulator/","t":"PSK demodulator","c":"pskdemodulator","s":"Mode reference: Satellite & navigation","h":"What PSK demodulator is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about PSK demodulator More in Satellite & navigation","w":"psk demodulator what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in satellite navigation bpsk qpsk oqpsk 8psk dbpsk dqpsk symbol rate baud analyser analyzer constellation eye telemetry beacon cubesat ccsds g3ruh general for other signals finds signal nearest dial measures its any holds from 50 bd order pulse shape carrier doppler eb n0 by itself then demodulates diagram follows of pass decodes differential coding scramblers sync word saves bits receive only against generated impairments recordings real welcome","x":"psk bpsk qpsk oqpsk 8psk dbpsk dqpsk symbol rate baud analyser analyzer constellation eye satellite telemetry beacon cubesat ccsds g3ruh demodulator General BPSK / QPSK / OQPSK / 8PSK demodulator and analyser for satellite and other PSK signals: finds the signal nearest the dial, measures its symbol rate (any rate the radio holds, from about 50 Bd), order, pulse shape, carrier, Doppler and Eb/N0 by itself, then demodulates it with a constellation and eye diagram, follows the Doppler of a pass, decodes differential "},{"u":"/modes/hf-waveform-id/","t":"HF waveform ID","c":"hfwaveformid","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What HF waveform ID is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HF waveform ID More in HF utility","w":"hf waveform id what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in utility identifier identification military government stanag 4285 4539 4481 mil std 188 110 link 11 clew slew 22 ale pactor cis 12 36 50 mfsk buzzer uvb 76 numbers station sigidwiki only measures band baud rate tone spacing constellation order repetition period pilot tones of an signal ranks candidate waveforms families estimates nothing decoded no message content read encryption touched generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"hf waveform identifier identification military government stanag 4285 4539 4481 mil-std-188-110 link 11 clew slew link 22 ale pactor cis-12 cis-36-50 mfsk buzzer uvb-76 numbers station sigidwiki HF military / government waveform identifier (identification only): measures the band, baud rate, tone spacing, constellation order, repetition period and pilot tones of an HF signal and ranks candidate waveforms (STANAG 4285, MIL-STD-188-110, Link 11, ALE, MFSK families, the Buzzer). Estimates only: nothing is decoded, no "},{"u":"/modes/hf-beacons/","t":"HF beacons","c":"hfbeacons","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What HF beacons is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about HF beacons More in HF utility","w":"hf beacons what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in utility beacon propagation ncdxf iaru ibp long dashes australia single letter russian marker priyom maximum usable open band 20m 15m 10m skip dx international project transmits on five fixed rotation so can tell at glance bands are to parts of world monitor 18 14 100 110 21 150 24 930 28 200 mhz 10 slots australian be heard from here by snr distance bearing great circle map hour history an editable list clicking tunes listens","x":"hf beacons beacon propagation ncdxf iaru ibp long dashes australia single letter russian marker priyom maximum usable open band 20m 15m 10m skip dx The NCDXF/IARU International Beacon Project transmits on five HF frequencies in a fixed rotation, so you can tell at a glance which bands are open to which parts of the world. HF beacon propagation monitor: which NCDXF/IARU International Beacon Project beacons (18 beacons on 14.100, 18.110, 21.150, 24.930 and 28.200 MHz, 10 s slots), Australian Long Dashes and Russian s"},{"u":"/modes/pactor-i/","t":"PACTOR-I","c":"pactori","s":"Mode reference: HF utility","h":"What PACTOR-I is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about PACTOR-I More in HF utility","w":"pactor what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in hf utility scs arq fec unproto amtor sitor fsk 100 baud 200 memory huffman amateur digital winlink monitor receive only no real recording available hz shift found automatically tone pair speed polarity timing 25 cycle of both stations link packets their crc 16 connect called callsign control signals cs1 cs4 changeovers qrt plain ascii text repeats broadcasts bad copies are added up ii iii iv proprietary not supported generated impairments recordings welcome","x":"pactor pactor-i pactor 1 scs hf arq fec unproto amtor sitor fsk 100 baud 200 baud memory arq huffman amateur digital winlink PACTOR-I monitor, receive only and (no real recording was available): 100 and 200 baud FSK with 200 Hz shift found automatically (tone pair, speed, shift polarity and timing), the 1.25 s ARQ cycle of both stations of a link, packets checked with their CRC-16, connect packets with the called callsign, control signals CS1 - CS4, changeovers and QRT, plain ASCII and Huffman text, repeats and…. P"},{"u":"/modes/ros-hf/","t":"ROS (HF)","c":"roshf","s":"Mode reference: Amateur: digital","h":"What ROS (HF) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about ROS (HF) More in Amateur: digital","w":"ros hf what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in amateur digital weak signal chat mfsk 144 tones 16 baud eaek hvk nieto sigidwiki identify mode detector text decoding partial sideband audio goes to waterfall every last are measured for publicly described physical layer one tone at time on fine grid 15 hz apart 25 khz wide detection names sub range marks band not decoded framing coding fec of published needs public spec use program read generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"ros ros hf weak signal chat mfsk 144 tones 16 baud 8 baud 4 baud eaek hvk nieto sigidwiki identify ROS weak-signal HF chat mode (detector, text decoding partial): the sideband audio goes to a waterfall, and every 2 s the last 16 s are measured for the publicly described ROS physical layer, one tone at a time on a fine grid (about 144 tones, 15.6 Hz apart), about 2.25 kHz wide, 4 / 8 / 16 baud. A detection names the sub-mode (ROS 4 / 8 / 16 baud), the tone range and the grid, and marks the…. ROS weak-signal HF chat "},{"u":"/modes/ssdv-pictures/","t":"SSDV pictures","c":"ssdvpictures","s":"Mode reference: Weather & science","h":"What SSDV pictures is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about SSDV pictures More in Weather & science","w":"ssdv pictures what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in weather science slow scan digital video balloon hab picture image jpeg horus ukhas satellite phil heron fsphil rtty fsk from high altitude balloons amateur satellites fm channel 256 byte packets their crc 32 reed solomon code rebuilt as arrive grey where are missing saved when complete plain 1200 19200 baud framed bytes 300 tried at same time both polarities scrambled ax 25 il2p framing wenet ldpc 115 kbaud lora not handled by philip gpl or later generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"ssdv slow scan digital video balloon hab picture image jpeg horus ukhas satellite phil heron fsphil rtty fsk SSDV (Slow Scan Digital Video) pictures from high-altitude balloons and amateur satellites: FM / FSK channel, 256-byte SSDV packets checked with their CRC-32 and the Reed-Solomon code, the JPEG rebuilt as packets arrive (grey where packets are missing), saved as JPEG when complete. Plain FSK 1200 - 19200 baud and RTTY-framed bytes 300 - 1200 baud are tried at the same time, both polarities.…. SSDV (Slow Scan"},{"u":"/modes/ebicab-eurobalise-needs-a-user-test/","t":"EBICab / Eurobalise (needs a user test)","c":"ebicabeurobaliseneedsausertest","s":"Mode reference: Cellular & rail","h":"What EBICab / Eurobalise (needs a user test) is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about EBICab / Eurobalise (needs a user test) More in Cellular & rail","w":"ebicab eurobalise needs user test what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in cellular rail balise etcs ertms atp sweden norway finland jkv bombardier alstom subset 036 234 mhz 27 095 train railway up link receive only untested on air no real recording available fsk around 951 516 564 48 kbit decoded to long 1023 bit short 341 telegrams of unisig header fields nid bg pig tele powering field am not received 700 32 900 255 telegram formats are published such bursts listed their length first bits that reaches at msps or generated signals impairments recordings welcome","x":"ebicab eurobalise balise etcs ertms atp sweden norway finland jkv bombardier alstom subset-036 4.234 mhz 27.095 mhz train Railway balise up-link, receive only and untested on air (no real recording was available): the Eurobalise FSK up-link around 4.234 MHz (3.951 / 4.516 MHz, 564.48 kbit/s) decoded to the long (1023 bit) and short (341 bit) telegrams of UNISIG SUBSET-036 with the header fields NID_C, NID_BG, N_PIG. The train's tele-powering field is 27.095 MHz AM and is not received. EBICab 700 (32 bit) and 900…. "},{"u":"/modes/flipper-zero-sub-ghz-chat/","t":"Flipper Zero Sub-GHz chat","c":"flipperzerosubghzchat","s":"Mode reference: IoT & sensors","h":"What Flipper Zero Sub-GHz chat is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Flipper Zero Sub-GHz chat More in IoT & sensors","w":"flipper zero sub ghz chat what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in iot sensors flipperzero esubghz enhanced subghz cc1101 gfsk 433 92 315 868 915 text message aes gcm password key devices running app or firmware cli receive send at 99 kbaud 19 khz deviation on mhz any frequency flippers use heard lines appear level offset are sent through transmit capable hackrf others plain chats encrypted ones same hex as 256 replay protection does half duplex receiver pauses while line transmitting needs right to where generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"flipper zero flipperzero esubghz esubghz_chat enhanced sub-ghz subghz chat cc1101 gfsk 433 433.92 315 868 915 text message aes gcm password key Chat with Flipper Zero devices running the Enhanced Sub-GHz Chat app (or the firmware's CLI Sub-GHz chat), receive and send: CC1101 GFSK at 9.99 kbaud with 19 kHz deviation on 433.92 MHz or any frequency the Flippers use. Heard lines appear in a chat with level and frequency offset; lines are sent through a transmit-capable radio (HackRF and others). Plain chats, or encrypt"},{"u":"/modes/signal-workbench/","t":"Signal workbench","c":"signalworkbench","s":"Mode reference: General & tools","h":"What Signal workbench is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Signal workbench More in General & tools","w":"signal workbench what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in general tools analyser analyzer inspectrum sigdigger universal hacker urh recording file wav mp3 iq cs8 cu8 cf32 sigmf demodulate bits eye constellation baud symbol rate fsk psk ask afsk takes apart without spectrogram measurements demodulators recovered open or other audio an take waveform cursors peaks bandwidth snr bursts modulation guess then chosen band am fm ssb cw msk read time selection db 20 99 carrier offset hints power over ook bell 202 103 bpsk qpsk 8psk gmsk bit stream invert differential nrzi manchester order pattern search listening export","x":"signal workbench analyser analyzer inspectrum sigdigger universal radio hacker urh recording file wav mp3 iq cs8 cu8 cf32 sigmf demodulate bits eye constellation baud symbol rate fsk psk ask afsk The Signal workbench takes a recording apart without a radio: a spectrogram, measurements, demodulators and the recovered bits. Open a recording (WAV, MP3 or other audio, or an IQ file: .cs8 .cu8 .cf32 .sigmf) and take the signal apart without a radio: waveform and spectrogram with cursors, peaks, bandwidth, SNR, symbol ra"},{"u":"/modes/general-receiver/","t":"General receiver","c":"generalreceiver","s":"Mode reference: General & tools","h":"What General receiver is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about General receiver More in General & tools","w":"general receiver what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in tools scanner listen nfm fm wfm am usb lsb ssb cw morse bfo squelch agc meter record wav 2m 70cm pmr446 cb shortwave broadcast ham amateur sdr++ gqrx demodulates click on filter anywhere band mono spectrum to tune width de emphasis audio recording pitch channel clicked draggable edges presets level or automatic against noise beside frequency steps","x":"general receiver scanner listen nfm fm wfm am usb lsb ssb cw morse bfo squelch agc s-meter record wav 2m 70cm pmr446 cb shortwave broadcast ham amateur sdr++ gqrx A general receiver demodulates what you click on: NFM, WFM, AM, SSB and CW, with filter, squelch and S-meter. Listen anywhere in the band: NFM, WFM (mono), AM, USB, LSB and CW, click the spectrum to tune, filter width, squelch, AGC, de-emphasis, S-meter and audio recording to WAV NFM, WFM (mono), AM, USB, LSB and CW (BFO pitch) on a channel clicked on the"},{"u":"/modes/spectrum-explorer/","t":"Spectrum explorer","c":"spectrumexplorer","s":"Mode reference: General & tools","h":"What Spectrum explorer is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Spectrum explorer More in General & tools","w":"spectrum explorer what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in general tools analyzer analyser sweep waterfall measure bandwidth lnb survey scan measuring tool look at band zoom occupied power snr ranges around carriers symbol rate range offsets bookmarks no decoder markers pan region measurements 26 db channel converter sweeps signal detection","x":"spectrum analyzer analyser sweep waterfall measure bandwidth lnb survey scan The spectrum explorer is a measuring tool: look at the band, zoom, measure occupied bandwidth, power and SNR, and sweep ranges. Spectrum explorer: look around the band, measure carriers (bandwidth, power, SNR, symbol rate), sweep a range, LNB offsets, bookmarks; no decoder Spectrum and waterfall with markers, zoom and pan, region measurements (occupied bandwidth at -3 / -26 dB, channel power, SNR, symbol rate), LNB and converter offsets, r"},{"u":"/modes/spectrum-analyser/","t":"Spectrum analyser","c":"spectrumanalyser","s":"Mode reference: General & tools","h":"What Spectrum analyser is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about Spectrum analyser More in General & tools","w":"spectrum analyser what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in general tools analyzer sweep hackrf wideband scan peak hold waterfall rf survey sweeps wide range quickly averaging markers band overlay sweeping 6000 mhz second live averaged traces csv export persistence eu spur removal every bin at chosen rbw streamed to file expected size shown automatic saving seconds into folder timestamped specan yyyymmdd hhmmss optional limit on files kept","x":"spectrum analyser analyzer sweep hackrf_sweep wideband scan peak hold waterfall rf survey The spectrum analyser sweeps a wide range quickly, with peak hold, averaging, markers and a band overlay. Wide sweeping spectrum analyser (1 - 6000 MHz in about a second with a HackRF): live, peak-hold and averaged traces, waterfall, markers, band overlay, CSV export Live, peak-hold and averaged traces, persistence, waterfall, markers, EU band overlay, spur removal, CSV export with every bin at the chosen RBW (streamed to the "},{"u":"/modes/kaal/","t":"KAAL","c":"kaal","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAAL is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAAL More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kaal what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom voice digital beacon callsign grid ldpc 16qam sweep 10 khz wide station identity link 16 kbit codec qam signature side channel receive plays speech last position power text transmit takes microphone or wav file to an iq generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"kaal kris custom voice digital beacon callsign grid ldpc 16qam sweep KAAL: a 10 kHz wide digital voice and station-identity link (16 kbit/s voice codec, 16-QAM with LDPC, a sweep signature and a beacon side channel). Receive plays the speech and shows the last beacon (callsign, grid, position, power, text); transmit takes a microphone or a WAV file, to a radio or an IQ file. KAAL: a 10 kHz wide digital voice and station-identity link (16 kbit/s voice codec, 16-QAM with LDPC, a sweep signature and a beacon side chan"},{"u":"/modes/kavb/","t":"KAVB","c":"kavb","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAVB is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAVB More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kavb what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom video av1 opus packets fec data file mode of kaal to mhz wide 700 1400 ksym single carrier 16 qam 64 ldpc sweep signature audio groups receive finds frames lists link numbers constellation counts payload bytes can save them there no or decoder this build so picture sound shown transmit sends synthetic test stream an iq generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"kavb kris custom video av1 opus packets fec data file KAVB: the video mode of the KAAL family, 1 to 2 MHz wide (700 to 1400 ksym/s single carrier, 16-QAM and 64-QAM with LDPC, a sweep signature, video, audio and data packets in FEC groups). Receive finds the frames and lists the packets with the link numbers and a constellation, counts the payload bytes and can save them to a file; there is no AV1 or Opus decoder in this build, so no picture or…. KAVB: the video mode of the KAAL family, 1 to 2 MHz wide (700 to 1400"},{"u":"/modes/kait/","t":"KAIT","c":"kait","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAIT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAIT More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kait what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom picture image slow scan sstv burst layers progressive wavelet ldpc 190khz callsign 1080p 10 190 khz wide coded coarse first most robust coding then detail receiver its link decodes from an outline at 12 db to full above receive growing layer by numbers transmit takes png or ppm demo iq file generated signals impairments recordings of real welcome","x":"kait kris custom picture image slow scan sstv burst layers progressive wavelet ldpc 190khz callsign KAIT: a 1080p picture in a 10 s burst, 190 kHz wide, coded in layers (a coarse picture first in the most robust coding, then more detail): the picture a receiver shows is what its link decodes, from an outline at -12 dB to the full picture above 8 dB. Receive shows the picture growing layer by layer with the callsign and the link numbers; transmit takes a PNG or PPM picture (or a demo picture)…. KAIT: a 1080p picture"},{"u":"/modes/kapp/","t":"KAPP","c":"kapp","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAPP is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAPP More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kapp what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom packet data message arq mode of kaal 100 khz wide 80 ksym bpsk to 1024 qam ldpc bursts selective repeat receive lists messages that arrive whole profile snr counts constellation only listens sends no acknowledgement transmit text or file one way repeated an iq generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"kapp kris custom packet data message arq KAPP: the packet mode of the KAAL family, 100 kHz wide (80 ksym/s, BPSK to 1024-QAM with LDPC, bursts with selective repeat). Receive lists the messages that arrive whole with the profile, SNR, counts and a constellation; it only listens and sends no acknowledgement. Transmit sends a text or a file one-way, repeated, to a radio or an IQ file. KAPP: the packet mode of the KAAL family, 100 kHz wide (80 ksym/s, BPSK to 1024-QAM with LDPC, bursts with selective repeat). Receive "},{"u":"/modes/kaft/","t":"KAFT","c":"kaft","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAFT is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAFT More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kaft what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom file transfer save mode of kaal 200 khz 500 or mhz wide ten profiles from bpsk to 1024 qam 10 ldpc blocks crc 32 hash check whole receive follows saves each verified folder choose only listens sends no reply transmit one way repeated an iq generated signals impairments recordings real welcome","x":"kaft kris custom file transfer save KAFT: the file transfer mode of the KAAL family, 200 kHz, 500 kHz or 1 MHz wide (ten profiles from BPSK 1/4 to 1024-QAM 9/10, LDPC blocks with CRC-32, a hash check of the whole file). Receive follows the transfer and saves each verified file to a folder you choose; it only listens and sends no reply. Transmit sends a file one-way, repeated, to a radio or an IQ file. KAFT: the file transfer mode of the KAAL family, 200 kHz, 500 kHz or 1 MHz wide (ten profiles from BPSK 1/4 to 1024"},{"u":"/modes/kaws/","t":"KAWS","c":"kaws","s":"Mode reference: KA family (own modes)","h":"What KAWS is Frequencies and settings What OnAir shows Limits and what it was checked with Which radio you need Receiving and the law Questions about KAWS More in KA family (own modes)","w":"kaws what is frequencies and settings onair shows limits it was checked with which radio you need receiving the law questions about more in ka family own modes kris custom hf weak signal chat beacon ssb usb slot utc chirp lattice mode of kaal khz wide eight profiles from spread spectrum for weakest signals to ofdm ldpc blocks crc 16 woven preamble 15 120 slots receive lists messages beacons that arrive profile snr estimate indicator upper sideband audio only listens sends no acknowledgement transmit message or one way repeated an iq file come computer clock must be accurate simulation has never been on air voice speech codec install generated impairments recordings real welcome","x":"kaws kris custom hf weak signal chat beacon ssb usb slot utc chirp lattice KAWS: the HF weak-signal chat and beacon mode of the KAAL family, 2.4 kHz wide (eight profiles from chirp spread spectrum for the weakest signals to OFDM, LDPC blocks with CRC-16, a woven-lattice preamble, 15 s to 120 s UTC slots). Receive lists the chat messages and beacons that arrive, with the profile, SNR estimate and the preamble indicator, from upper-sideband audio; it only listens and…. KAWS: the HF weak-signal chat and beacon mode of"}]